华下
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唐代]：司空图
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故国春归未有涯，小栏高槛别人家。
五更惆怅回孤枕，犹自残灯照落花。
华下译文及注释
译文
春回故乡美妙的景象无边无涯，那优美的小栏高槛是别人的家。
五更时惆怅苦闷又回到我心上，仍是孤灯一盏照着这片片落花。
注释
华下：即华州（今陕西华县），作者曾旅居华州。
故国：指作者的家乡。春归：指春回大地。未有涯：无边无际。
小栏高槛：小小的栏杆，高高的横槛。
五更：天快亮时称五更。孤枕：指作者自己孤零零地睡着。
犹：还。残灯：灯已没油，光也昏暗了。落花：指花朵零落，春即归去。
华下创作背景
乾宁三年到光化元年（896～898），昭宗被军阀李茂贞逼迫，曾离开长安，在华州暂住，而司空图这一段时间里则在朝廷中担任兵部侍郎，不久，托足疾辞职。这首诗，是他在华州的怀归之作。
参考资料：
1、尚作恩 等 ．晚唐诗译释 ：黑龙江人民出版社 ，1987 ：192-194 ．
华下鉴赏
诗的第一句写梦中的境界。作者远离家乡，久久不能归去，又正是大好的春天，思乡之情与眼前之景便衍成一梦，写自己回到了故乡，正是春光洒遍大地，无边无际。这里的“未有涯”三字，既包括姹紫嫣红”、“莺啼燕语”，也有作者的内心活动和无限的喜悦。虽然着笔不多，而喜悦之情却十分明显。次写梦后。一梦醒来，眼前所见却是小栏高槛，环境虽然优美，可惜不是梦中的故乡了，而是“别人家”。在这两句诗中，梦中回到故乡与现实中回不了故乡成了对比，梦中家乡春光大好与醒来“别人家”的“小栏高槛“成了对比。这样便把诗人极度怀念故乡，又恨不得归去的复杂情怀抒发得十分真切。
诗的第三、四句紧承前两句写作者梦醒后的心情和环境。这些描写与第一句梦游故乡相对照，与第二句的描写紧紧相连。这里的“小栏高槛”是“别人家”，这里没有了梦游回乡的欢乐，有的只是自己五更独眠，苦闷、惆怅，室内只有残灯一盏，窗外还有纷纷的落花。这样便把诗人的内心世界，把诗人的情态和愁容展示出来，环境的凄凉冷落也写得逼真形象。这样，总观全诗，作者思乡这个题意便表现得更为完整了。
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青玉案·新腔一唱双金斗》
司空图简介
唐代·司空图的简介
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司空图（837～908）晚唐诗人、诗论家。字表圣，自号知非子，又号耐辱居士。祖籍临淮（今安徽泗县东南），自幼随家迁居河中虞乡（今山西永济）。唐懿宗咸通十年（869年）应试，擢进士上第，天复四年（904年），朱全忠召为礼部尚书，司空图佯装老朽不任事，被放还。后梁开平二年（908年），唐哀帝被弑，他绝食而死，终年七十二岁。司空图成就主要在诗论，《二十四诗品》为不朽之作。《全唐诗》收诗三卷。
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