思佳客·迷蝶无踪晓梦沉
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宋代]：吴文英
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迷蝶无踪晓梦沉。寒香深闭小庭心。欲知湖上春多少，但看楼前柳浅深。
愁自遣，酒孤斟。一帘芳景燕同吟。杏花宜带斜阳看，几阵东风晚又阴。
思佳客·迷蝶无踪晓梦沉鉴赏
这首词是作者居于杭州时所作，有怀人之意。从词的内容看，应当是作于杭州姬妾辞世之后。
上片，“迷蝶无踪晓梦沉”，写清晨梦醒之后，梦中的情景已消逝无踪。所用乃是《庄子·齐物论》庄周化蝶的典故。它的本义是说世事与梦境的真幻，颠倒难分，两者本都不值得执着看待。但后人又把这则故事与《庄子·至乐》中写他丧妻时鼓盆而歌，不表示悲哀的故事联系在一起，猜想庄子大概也把丧妻看成作梦，所以悼念亡妾的作品，也常用到化蝶、梦蝶的典故。文英这句词，表面是写梦，其深层却是以梦隐喻过去的经历；联系他的生平来看，又似包含着对亡妾的思念。虽说“无踪”，毕竟入梦；梦由思生，又怎能真正地忘却？既然如此，则梦醒后并不会适意如庄周，而是深怀思旧的惆怅，细味“沉”字，其情自见。“寒香深闭小庭心”。寒香，当指春寒之时尚未谢尽的梅花，或兼指下片提到的逢春先开的杏花。人既惆怅，对着“深闭小庭心”的“寒香”，自然不会是赏心乐事，而是触景伤怀，“寒”不是透着凄冷，“深闭”不是透着孤寂么？这时候由“小庭”而想到西湖，由“寒香”而及于新柳，觉得春光尚浅，而寒意犹浓，西湖上的杨柳，应该也是初舒嫩条，翠色未深，因而游人应该也还不多。那么，在小庭中虽感孤寂、凄冷，但若到湖上去游玩，也未必就能看到秾丽之景，享受热闹、温暖之乐了。“欲知湖上春多少，但看楼前柳浅深。”当然不是要由柳浅而判断春少，而是要由春少来表现人之心境的凄冷情绪，所以这两句结束得轻倩、婉转而有味。
下片的“愁自遣，酒孤斟”，全词直接抒情的，也只有这两句，到这里才点出“愁”字，点出“孤”字。作者这时的孤愁既无法排除，那么这里的“斟”与“遣”，也无非是强自支持、强自消解而已。下句的“一帘芳景”继续写春，“燕同吟”继续写孤寂。与燕同吟，则暗谓有伴比无伴更悲。这与“蝉噪林逾静，鸟鸣山更幽。”的写法，不无相同之处，二者都是正面的情况起反面的作用；所不同的是，“蝉噪”、“鸟鸣”可能是写实，“燕吟”只能是设想。“杏花宜带斜阳看，几阵东风晚又阴。”在凄冷低迷中盼望杏花映着斜阳，能给人带来一点绚丽之色，带来一丝温暖的春意，谁又知天不作美，吹来几阵东风，偏把阳光吹走，使黄昏依然阴沉。这会起什么作用？对作者的心境会有什么影响？词至此结束，虽都没有明白说出；但读者联系上下文，自可体会得到。
前人常把吴文英的词作看成是与以姜夔为代表的“清空”词相对立的“实质”词的代表。吴文英的慢词，有一些确有辞藻堆垛，雕琢过甚之嫌。但这首《思佳客》，读来却颇感闲淡婉约，在很大程度上与“清空”词的笔法有一致之处，可见梦窗词的风格在统一中也是有着多样性的。
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李煜《
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书琵琶背》
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陆游《
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沈园二首》
吴文英简介
唐代·吴文英的简介
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吴文英（约1200～1260），字君特，号梦窗，晚年又号觉翁，四明（今浙江宁波）人。原出翁姓，后出嗣吴氏。与贾似道友善。有《梦窗词集》一部，存词三百四十余首，分四卷本与一卷本。其词作数量丰沃，风格雅致，多酬答、伤时与忆悼之作，号“词中李商隐”。而后世品评却甚有争论。
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