楚宫
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唐代]：李商隐
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空归腐败犹难复，更困腥臊岂易招？
但使故乡三户在，彩丝谁惜惧长蛟。
楚宫译文及注释
译文
湘江如泪色一般又清又深，屈原的冤魂随浪而去，他的怨恨永无绝期。
夜晚的枫树林中猿啼使人愁断肠，唯有穿着萝带的山鬼相邀。
埋在土里，身形腐败，魂魄难以招回，更用说是葬身鱼腹了。
只要楚地后人还在，谁会可惜那喂食蛟龙彩丝包的食物？
注释
漻漻：水清澈貌。
楚厉：指屈原，他投沼罗江而死，无后人、无归处，古称“鬼无所归则为厉”（《左传》昭公七年），亦可称“迷魂”，即冤魂。
女萝山鬼：女萝，菟丝，一种缘物而生之藤蔓；山鬼，山中之神，或言以其非正神，故称“鬼”。
犹难复：与“岂易招”均指难以为楚厉招魂，原因是屈子沉江后，身体腐烂了，葬身鱼腹了。
困腥臊：屈原自沉，葬身鱼腹，故日“困腥臊”。
三户：指楚人。
彩丝：指五彩丝线扎成的棕子。
参考资料：
1、黄世中．李商隐诗选：中华书局，2005：105-107
2、董乃斌．李商隐诗：人民文学出版社，2005：178-179
楚宫创作背景
关于此诗的历史背景和寓意，注家说法不一。近人张采田认为是公元848年（大中二年）诗人由桂州（今广西桂林）郑亚幕返长安途经潭州（今湖南长沙）等地时作，专吊屈原，并无其他寓意。
参考资料：
1、萧涤非 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典：上海辞书出版社，1983：1201-1202
楚宫鉴赏
这首诗不同于其他凭吊屈原的诗文，它并未从屈原的人品才能和政治上的不幸遭遇着笔，通篇自始至终紧紧围绕住屈原的“迷魂”来写：首联写迷魂逐波而去，含恨无穷；颔联写迷魂长夜无依，凄凉无限；颈联叹迷魂之不易招；末联赞迷魂终有慰藉。这样围绕迷魂来构思，内容集中，从各个方面，各个角度，反复书写，从而使诗具有回环唱叹之致。
诗的前四句是以景写情。屈原忠而见疑，沉湘殉国，此诗亦即从眼前所见之湘江落笔。“湘波如泪色漻漻，楚厉迷魂逐恨遥”。对着湘江，想起屈原的不幸遭遇，诗人悼念不已。在诗人的眼中，清深的湘波，全都是泪水汇成。这“泪”有屈原的忧国忧民之泪，有后人悼念屈原之泪，也有诗人此时的伤心之泪。湘江流淌着不尽的泪水，也在哀悼屈原。而在这如泪的湘波之中，诗人仿佛看到了屈原的迷魂。“逐恨遥”写迷魂含着满腔悲愤，随波远去，湘江流水无穷尽之时，屈原迷魂亦终古追逐不已，其恨亦千秋万代永无绝期。“恨”字和“泪”字，融入诗人的强烈感情，既是对屈原的悲痛哀悼，也是对造成屈原悲剧的楚国统治者的强烈谴责。
颔联又从湘江岸上的景物再加烘托。这联化用《楚辞·招魂》、屈原《九歌·山鬼》语句。“枫树夜猿”，是说经霜的枫树和哀鸣的愁猿，构成一幅凄楚的秋夜图。“愁”既是猿愁，也是迷魂之愁，而猿愁又更加重迷魂之愁。下句的“女萝山鬼”即以女萝为带的山鬼。“语相邀”既指山鬼间互相呼唤，同时也指山鬼们呼唤屈原的迷魂，境界阴森。长夜漫漫，枫影阴森，迷魂无依，唯夜猿山鬼为伴。此联景象凄迷，悲情如海，读之使人哀怨欲绝。
下面四句似议似叹，亦议亦叹，抒发诗人内心的慨叹。五、六两句是说：即使屈原死后埋在地下，其尸也会归于腐败，魂也难以招回；何况是沉江而死，葬身于腥臊的鱼虾龟鳖之中，他的迷魂就更难招回了。以上三联，都是感伤悲叹，末联情调一变，由凄楚婉转变为激越高昂，以热情歌颂屈原的忠魂作结。这一联糅合了《史记·项羽本纪》“楚虽三户，亡秦必楚”的典故和《续齐谐记》楚人祭祀屈原的传说。意思是说：只要楚人不灭绝，他们就一定会用彩丝棕箬包扎食物来祭祀屈原，人民永远怀念这位伟大诗人。
这首诗化用《楚辞》和屈原作品中的词语和意境入诗，而不着痕迹，读来语如己出，别具风采；全诗以景托情，以感叹为议论，使全诗始终充满了浓郁的抒情气氛；内容上反复咏叹使此诗“微婉顿挫，使人荡气回肠”（清翁方纲《石洲诗话》评李商隐诗语），感人至深。
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李清照《
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浪淘沙·帘外五更风》
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崔珏《
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哭李商隐》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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留别台中人士 其五
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清代：
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姚莹
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城狐社鼠屡惊骚，庙算频烦圣主劳。百尺丰碑铭上将，万家新鬼哭寒潮。
书生殄贼皆能武，草泽从公岂待招！几辈白头今日在，天教忠义翊清朝。