可叹
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唐代]：李商隐
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幸会东城宴未回，年华忧共水相催。
梁家宅里秦宫入，赵后楼中赤凤来。
冰簟且眠金镂枕，琼筵不醉玉交杯。
宓妃愁坐芝田馆，用尽陈王八斗才。
可叹译文及注释
译文
去了城东曲江游宴至今未回，空空地等待辜负了大好光阴。
昔日梁冀家嬖奴与梁冀妻孙寿相通，赵后与宫奴赤风私通，每能得逞。
竹簟生凉徒有美人的玉枕，孤眠独卧，无缘坐在宴席上与美人共醉霞觞，实在可叹
此情景就好像宓妃坐在宫馆中因刻骨相思而愁肠百结，而曹植用尽才华写出《洛神赋》一样。
注释
催：一作“漼”。
梁家：后汉梁冀；冀妻孙寿。秦宫：梁冀嬖奴，与梁冀妻孙寿通。
赵后：汉成帝后赵飞燕。赤凤，燕赤凤，宫奴，与赵氏通。
冰簟：凉席，竹席。簟，竹篾或芦苇所编之席。金缕枕：以金丝编织串连之玉枕。
琼筵：宴席之美称，盛宴、美宴；琼，玉之美者；交杯：旧时婚礼，新婚夫妇交换酒杯饮酒，称为交杯。所饮之酒曰交杯酒。
宓妃：伏羲的女儿，溺死于洛水中成为洛水之神。
陈王：曹植封陈王，谥曰思，称陈思王。
参考资料：
1、黄世中注疏. 类纂李商隐诗笺注疏解 第1册[M].黄山：黄山书社. 2009.11 .第462-466页
2、郑在瀛编著. 李商隐诗全集 汇编今注简释[M].武汉：湖北辞书出版社.2011.12. 第193页
可叹创作背景
苏雪林《玉溪诗谜》说义山有两种恋爱对象，一为女冠，一为官女。此诗似是与某官女有爱恋而未能如愿。内容上写豪贵之家的丑恶生活，末两句同《无题》“宓妃留枕魏王才”一致，开头说“幸会东城”，可见李商隐也在这个豪家宴会过。这首诗写的大概正是他借住在这样的豪家看到他所想望的人，虽有情愫，还是可望而不可即。
参考资料：
1、聊城师范学院中文系，《大学语文》文章赏析编辑室编. 《大学语文》文章赏析 上[M].聊城：聊城师范学院出版社. 第325页
可叹鉴赏
此诗内容似是与某官女有爱恋而未能如愿之事，故诗题曰“可叹”。后人对此诗有“一首中五人名，未免獭祭之病！”这样的愤然的评论，原因自然还是不明白李商隐想说什么，所以有人说：”这首诗所讽指的事情不得而知，难道是有贵人年迈，而他年少的姬妾却恣意放荡？“——这是字面上大致的含义，因为诗里的第二句讲得是汉代跋扈将军梁冀的妻子孙寿与他的属下秦宫私通的故事；第三句讲得是汉成帝皇后赵飞燕与燕赤凤私通的故事；第四句第五句又无比的香艳，以至于有人斥责此诗”大伤忠厚“，不该流传。但是问题是，这首诗最后两句笔锋一转，回到曹植与洛神的故事中去了，而曹植对于宓妃则只是“收和颜而静志兮，申礼防以自持”，并没有无礼之事，与前面孙寿与秦宫，飞燕与赤凤对比明显。但与此同时，宓妃却在愁坐，而陈思王亦在惆怅，叹宓妃之不得陈王，从陈王方面落笔言其用尽才思，冀得宓妃，两情虽通而事终不谐矣。显然李商隐是在“可叹”一件事。世间不如意事常八、九，情相感而事不谐，恣行放诞者，反可遂愿，亦泛言心中之感慨不平，不必有寄托。全诗跌宕有致，尾联最妙。
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苏轼《
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浣溪沙·忆旧》
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晏殊《
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浣溪沙·小阁重帘有燕过》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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