归梦
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唐代]：杜甫
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道路时通塞，江山日寂寥。
偷生唯一老，伐叛已三朝。
雨急青枫暮，云深黑水遥。
梦归归未得，不用楚辞招。
归梦译文及注释
译文
时下恰逢战乱，道路时通时堵，江山的气象一天天地冷落萧条。
苟且偷生，四处漂泊只有我这一位老人，如今兴兵伐叛已经历了三朝。
归梦中风骤雨急，一片昏暗看不清湘水两岸苍翠的枫树，归梦中云层浓厚，看不见那黑水在远方漂流。
我的魂魄至今不能返回长安，仍在楚地飘游，哎，算了吧！用不着再作楚辞以招魂魄。
注释
时：有时。通塞：通畅与阻塞。
江山：本指江河山岳，借指国家疆土、政权。晋郭璞《江赋》：“芦人渔子，摈落江山。”日：每天，一天天地。寂寥：冷落萧条。
偷生：苟且求活。唯：独，仅，只有。一老：一位老人。是作者自谓之语。
伐叛：指讨伐乱臣贼子，指安禄山、史思明、仆固怀恩和吐蕃等。三朝：指玄宗、肃宗、代宗三朝。
青枫：苍翠的枫树。青，深绿色。暮：如入夜昏暗不清
云深：指积云浓厚。深：色彩浓。黑水：水名，在秦地。遥：飘荡。
梦魂：一作“梦归”，古人以为人的灵魂在睡梦中会离开肉体，故称“梦魂”。归：指回归朝廷。未：不。
参考资料：
1、姜海宽．杜甫诗歌选读 祥注本：中州古籍出版社,，2014：第662页
归梦创作背景
这首诗作于大历三四年（768—769年）间。杜甫已近迟暮之年，身多疾病，受尽了流离漂泊之苦。此时，诗人漂泊湖湘间，流落屈原当年被流放之地，心中时时萦绕着屈原的形象。在湘南这偏僻荒凉的南蛮之地，诗人更是归心似箭。于是作下这首诗。
参考资料：
1、日峰选析．历代咏诗梦：花城出版社，1992：第24页
归梦鉴赏
这首五律是四、二、二结构，上四句写现实，五，六句写梦境，末二句写感叹。道路时而通行时而阻塞—因为战乱时而停顿时而发生，仍未平息。由于人民不能安于生计，田园荒芜，江山便日见冷寂萧条，没有生气。尽管讨伐安史之乱的平叛战争已经历了玄宗，肃宗、代宗三朝，而诗人仍避地偷生，衰老西南的穷山恶水之间。感时伤世，去国怀乡，忧思成梦。然而，即使是梦中，诗人之梦魂此不见得轻松一点，梦境亦如现实般险恶。梦魂要飞越楚地青郁郁的枫林，在急雨的灰蒙蒙的雾霭中难辨方向，而天际是黑魃魑的层云，无穷无尽，秦地的黑水更在层云之外，何其遥远。梦魂的归路亦如现实般艰难险恶。如此遥远艰险的路途，就是梦魂也未必能飞越，即使亲人效《楚辞》之举来招魂，亦是徒劳无功的。
诗人用了两处有关屈原的典故，“雨急青枫暮“和“不用楚辞招”均出自《楚辞·招魂》，一为“湛湛江水兮上有枫，目极千里兮伤春心，魂兮归来哀江南！”一为“魂兮归来，返故居些。”两典不仅贴切梦中境象，而且亦暗示了诗人和屈原有相近的处境、相似的命运和相同的忧国忧民之爱国情怀。
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王国维《
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浣溪沙·画舫离筵乐未停》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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