醉落魄·辛未九月望和答庆符
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宋代]：胡铨
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百年强半，高秋犹在天南畔。
幽怀已被黄花乱。更恨银蟾。
故向愁人满。招呼诗酒颠狂伴。
羽觞到手判无算。浩歌箕踞巾聊岸。
酒欲醒时，兴在卢仝碗。
醉落魄·辛未九月望和答庆符鉴赏
词作开首二句：“百年强半，高秋犹在天南畔。”词人这一年四十九岁，故曰“百年强半”，被排挤出朝廷，羁留南方达十三年之久，故曰“犹在天南畔。”秋高气爽，临轩赏月，把酒观菊，本当是很惬意、快活时节，但却被抛置在天之涯海之角。更何况，奸贼当道，金瓯残缺，匹夫之责，时常萦绕心怀。一个“犹”字，凝聚了词人多少的感慨与忧愤。“高秋”，谓秋高气爽之时，谢眺《奉和随王殿下》诗有：“高秋夜方静，神居肃且深”句。“幽怀已被黄花乱。更恨银蟾，故向愁人满。“幽怀”，指郁结于心中的愁闷情怀。毫无疑问，这是指自己无法锄奸复国的激愤烦乱心情。这句本意是因“幽怀”而无心赏观菊花，但字面上却说是因观花而致幽怀乱，似句意不顺，这实是一种婉转曲达的表现手法，后二句亦是如此写法。词人愁绪满怀，偏又逢皓月圆满，便把一腔的怨情向“银蟾”倾泻而去。这与上句的“无理”，更深一个层次地表现了词人的愁绪。如“打起黄莺儿，莫教枝上啼。啼时惊妾梦，不得到辽西”（唐·金昌绪），辛弃疾的“罗帐灯昏，哽咽梦中语。是他春带愁来，春归何处，却不解、带将愁去”（《祝英台近》）等。这都是一种看似无理，实则含有更深的理在的埋怨。
下片词人转而抒写自己借酒茶解愁的情形。“招呼诗酒颠狂伴，羽觞到手判无算。浩歌箕踞巾聊岸。”这里的“伴”，当指那些不畏权奸，主张抗金，遭到迫害，有志而不得伸的志同道和之友，当然也包括词题中的张伯麟。这几句词人用白描手法极写饮酒之狂态。“何以解忧，唯有杜康”，他仍只好借酒来忘却心中的忧愤与不平。“羽觞”，指酒器，其状如雀鸟，左右形如两翼。他们喝了无数杯的酒，不仅放声高歌，还一扫文雅之态，箕踞而坐，并把头巾推向后脑露出前额。这是他们“颠狂”的具体写照。“箕踞”，形容两足前伸，以手据膝，如箕状，古时为傲慢不敬之容。这种放浪形骸的颠狂之态，实是内心忧愁极深的外在表现。末二句“酒欲醒时，兴在卢仝盌。”酒醒思茶，亦如饮酒一般，以浇胸中之块垒。“卢仝盌”，“盌”，同碗、椀，典出唐代诗人卢仝，卢仝号玉川子，善诗，亦喜饮茶。曾赋诗盛赞茶之妙用：“一碗喉吻润，两碗破孤闷，三碗搜枯肠，唯有文字五千卷。四碗发轻汗，平生不平事，尽向毛孔散。五碗肌骨清，六碗通仙灵，七碗吃不得也，唯觉两腋习习清风生”（《走笔谢孟议寄新茶》）。这里用此典，词意是承前一贯而下，亦即卢仝诗中的“破孤闷”、散尽“生平不平事。”
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白居易《
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宴桃源·频日雅欢幽会》
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张伯端《
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解佩令》
胡铨简介
唐代·胡铨的简介
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胡铨（1102年—1180年），字邦衡，号澹庵。吉州庐陵芗城（今江西省吉安市青原区值夏镇）人。南宋爱国名臣、文学家，庐陵“五忠一节”之一，与李纲、赵鼎、李光并称“南宋四名臣”。建炎二年（1128年），胡铨登进士第。初授抚州军事判官，他招募乡丁，助官军捍御金军。后除枢密院编修官。绍兴八年（1138年），秦桧主和，胡铨抗疏力斥，乞斩秦桧与参政孙近、使臣王伦，声振朝野。但遭除名，编管昭州，移谪吉阳军。秦桧死后，内移衡州。宋孝宗即位，复任奉议郎，知饶州。历国史院编修官、兵部侍郎，晚年以资政殿学士致仕。淳熙七年（1180年），胡铨去世，追赠通议大夫，谥号“忠简”。著有《澹庵集》等传世。
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