早行
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唐代]：杜牧
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垂鞭信马行，数里未鸡鸣。
林下带残梦，叶飞时忽惊。
霜凝孤鹤迥，月晓远山横。
僮仆休辞险，时平路复平。
早行鉴赏
前四句写早行所感。起早赶路，诗人没有明说早到什么时候，他只说自己上马启程以后，无力地垂着马鞭，而让马自己自由地前进；走过了数里，在这么长的时间里，还未听见鸡鸣。“林下带残梦”使人意会到诗人是由梦乡中被唤起来上路的。以致出发以后，依然梦思缕缕，睡意绵绵，足见其赶路之早。“叶飞时忽惊”，是对上一句诗的承接和申述，进一步强调出“早行”来。“林下”和“叶飞”互文，只有在林下路过，才会被落叶所惊醒。这就把行旅者早行时的情景，十分真切地描摹了出来。
第五、六句是诗人通过自己身处的环境来写早行。“霜凝孤鹤迥，月晓远山横”正反映出晚唐时期动乱的社会现实中，诗人早行时的心理状态。此刻天时尚早，天宇大地还笼罩于一片迷蒙的夜色之中。这种情景，对于一个野旅行役者来说，是会产生一种孤独寂寞之感的。前路漫漫，思绪纷乱，各种各样的操心也就油然而生。“孤鹤”与其说是真实之景，还不如说是作者的自况。诗人的心绪不宁、心神不定，不言而喻。因此，这两句诗明显地表达出诗人早行时的那种特有的悲怆、孤度寂莫的心理感受。至此，早行时的凄清气氛、早行者的孤苦情绪，情景交融地表现了出来。
后两句写作者和僮仆的交流和行为。“僮仆休辞险”，当僮仆抱怨路途艰险，漫漫无际的时候，作者回答说“时平路复平”，当然，此“平”非彼“平”，作者结尾用这种与僮仆之间近乎玩笑般的对话作结，也正反映出了自己对于时局的忧虑和担忧。作为晚唐的一位诗人，杜牧对于晚唐的时局有着较为深切的了解和关切，他的许多诗歌反映了这方面的内容。
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韩愈《
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次潼关先寄张十二阁老使君》
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白居易《
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遗爱寺》
杜牧简介
唐代·杜牧的简介
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杜牧（公元803－约852年），字牧之，号樊川居士，汉族，京兆万年（今陕西西安）人，唐代诗人。杜牧人称“小杜”，以别于杜甫。与李商隐并称“小李杜”。因晚年居长安南樊川别墅，故后世称“杜樊川”，著有《樊川文集》。
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