西河·金陵怀古次美成韵
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明代]：彭孙贻
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龙虎地，繁华六代犹记。红衣落尽，只洲前，一双鹭起，秦淮日夜向东流，澄江如练无际。
白门外，枯杙倚，楼船朽橛难系。石头城坏，有燕子衔泥故垒。倡家犹唱后庭花，清商子夜流水。
卖花声过春满市。闹红楼，烟月千里。春色岂关人世。野棠无主，流莺成对，街入临春故宫里。
西河·金陵怀古次美成韵译文及注释
译文
金陵乃位居险要之地，盘龙卧虎，历经六朝风雨。曾经行人流连的荷塘莲叶今已凋枯殆尽，只有那白鹭洲上一两只正在起飞徒增荒凉的白鹭而已。秦淮水东流，长江练无际。
金陵城外断木残桩遍地，即使有高大的楼船或战船也无法系桩停泊。今日的金陵已是满身疮痍、处处狼藉，只有燕子衔泥筑巢。歌女唱着《后庭花》，不知亡国之痛的人们仍在过着纸醉金迷的生活。
街市人声鼎沸，红楼热闹，烟月千里。春色岁岁虽然有，与人世变幻有何干系呢？野棠无主花散落，流莺对对，飞入那临春阁阁。
注释
红衣：指荷叶，喻舞衣或舞裙。
白门：金陵。
枯杙：指枯断之木橛。
临春：陈后主为自己荒淫无度的生活建造的三阁之一的“临春阁”。
参考资料：
1、古诗文网经典传承志愿小组．白马非马译注，作者邮箱：930331075@qq.com
西河·金陵怀古次美成韵鉴赏
《西河》属三叠慢词，这是作者次韵北宋周美成（周邦彦）《西河·金陵怀古》的一首和作。它抒发了明清易代以后作者出自内心的黍离之悲、亡国之痛。
上片总写号称六代豪华的金陵古城已经破败不堪。念昔日之盛叹今日之衰，为全首词定下了沉痛哀伤的基调。
首句起笔擒题，令一个三字句“龙虎地”，即以诸葛亮的赞语“钟阜龙盘，石城虎踞”突出古城金陵乃位居险要、气象万千之地。“六代繁华犹记”，这是对古城过去的繁华作空自回顾。历史上东吴、东晋、宋、齐、梁、陈六个朝代皆在金陵建都，曾出现那些帝王统治下的繁华景象，故称六化豪华，可是今日词人眼下的金陵城已经“红衣落尽，只洲前，一双鹭起”了。唐赵嘏《长安晚秋》中有“紫艳半开篱菊静，红衣落尽渚莲愁”。“红衣”指荷叶，喻舞衣或舞裙，故此处写荷塘莲叶今已凋枯殆尽，喻指当时六朝弦歌妙舞的盛况今已不复存在，留下来的只是白鹭洲上一两只正在起飞徒增荒凉的白鹭而已。
末了，“秦淮日夜向东流，澄江如练无际”。承上句写秦淮水东流，长江练无际，将当时金陵萧条冷落所引起的伤感进一步泼露笔端，犹如李后主词“问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流”的伤怀哀怨之声，给人以“流水落花春去也”的沉痛感觉。
全词中段，进一步写今日古城荒芜败落的景象，可谓词人情绪的铺展和延伸，伏而后起。
“白门外，枯杙倚”，首先一笔，绘出金陵城多为东倒西歪的断木残桩。“白门”即金陵；“枯杙”即指枯断之木橛。仅此一物，就突出了古城的败落萧条。用笔之精，可见一斑。继而“楼船朽橛难系”，说明由于到处是朽木残桩，即使有高大的楼船或战船也无法系桩停泊。比之于宋周美成词作中的同韵同句－－“断悬树，犹倒倚，莫愁艇子曾系”，无论写景抒情均有过之而无不及。加上“石头城坏，有燕子，衔泥故垒”一句，整个金陵已是满身疮痍、处处狼藉，破败不堪了。昔之六朝胜地，雄称盘龙卧虎的名城，今已沦为楼航战船难系、城堡垒窝的亡都，其亡国之痛全然溢于词中。而末句“倡家犹唱后庭花，清商子夜流水”，这是作者感情的崛起，“后庭花”乃南朝陈后主所创的亡国之音《玉树后庭花》；“清商子夜”则是南朝的《清商曲》《子夜曲》。这里词人将晚唐杜牧的政治讽刺诗《泊秦淮》中的“商女不知亡国恨，隔江犹唱后庭花”揉进自己的词中，对不知亡国之痛、陷于靡靡之音、过着纸醉金迷生活的人们表示了无比的激愤！
全词末段，首句“卖花声过春潮满市，闹红楼，烟月千里”，写古城沦亡以后一种虚假的繁荣。紧随一句“春色岂关人世”，道出了虚假繁荣的端倪；春色岁岁虽然有，与人世变幻有何干系呢？春色掩饰不了古城沦丧以后的惨状。
最后“任野棠无主，流莺成对，衔入临春故宫里”，这是作者用典作结束。“临春”乃陈后主为自己荒淫无度的生活建造的三阁之一的“临春阁”。词人写野棠无主花散落，为流莺衔入“临春”里，运用想象借南朝陈叔宝这个亡国之君的败迹，隐含哀而鉴之的嗟叹。
纵观全词，作者没有直抒胸臆，而是通过写景抒发感情，即写古城破败景象抒发亡国之恨。因为作者毕竟不是李后主和陈后主，荒淫误国哀伤得直不起腰来；他痛父殉于国难，能终身不仕新朝，所以，一咱幽怨交加之情、哀而鉴之之心表现在词中，可谓为有一定思想深度的和作。
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陶元藻《
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采桑子·桐庐舟中》
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卓文君《
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彭孙贻简介
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末清初浙江海盐人，字仲谋，一字羿仁。明拔贡生。父以守土死于赣州，奔走求遗骸，布衣蔬食二十余年。后家居不出。诗词均工。乡人私谥孝介先生。有《茗斋集》、《茗斋诗馀》等。
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