水仙子·搅柔肠离恨病相兼
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元代]：乔吉
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搅柔肠离恨病相兼，重聚首佳期卦怎占？豫章城开了座相思店。闷勾肆儿逐日添，愁行货顿塌在眉尖。税钱比茶船上欠，斤两去等秤上掂，吃紧的历册般拘钤。
水仙子·搅柔肠离恨病相兼译文及注释
译文
搅得人柔肠寸断，离愁别恨积压心中，更何况还有病相煎。要想再聚首不知道佳期在什么时间？看豫章城里开了一座专营的相思店，忧闷的勾栏瓦肆还不断增添，忧愁烦恼像行货一般堆满在眉尖，相思的税钱要在茶船上收，愁苦的轻重要在待秤上量掂。最要紧的是行动受拘束好像坐牢一般。
注释
水仙子：曲牌名，属北曲双凋，另属北曲黄钟宫，正名《古水仙子》。
豫章城：故址在今江西南昌。此处引双渐与苏卿故事。宋元时期，妓女苏卿与双渐相爱，双渐进京求官不回，鸨母将苏卿卖给茶商冯魁。双渐追赶至豫章城，到处寻访，后来船至金山寺，见苏卿在寺壁留下的诗句，赶到临安，终于团聚。
勾肆：勾栏瓦肆，宋元时伎艺人卖世的场所。
愁行货：使人愁的货物。顿塌：堆积。
等秤（chèng）：即戥秤，用以称金银或药的秤。
历册：即历本、历书。
拘钤（qián）：拘束、约束。
参考资料：
1、李淼．元曲三百首译析．吉林：吉林文史出版社，2005：78
水仙子·搅柔肠离恨病相兼创作背景
乔吉散曲大多以“清丽新奇”见长，但也另有一些使用方言俗语的“本色之曲”，这首《水仙子》，便是此类“本色之曲”中的佳作。题目是“为友人作”，友人已无考不详，从内容上看，似乎是一个生活于市井、与情人分离的人。这首小令为友人抒发对所爱之人的思念。
参考资料：
1、上海辞书出版社文学鉴赏辞典编纂中心．元曲鉴赏辞典珍藏本．上海：上海辞书出版社，2012：967
水仙子·搅柔肠离恨病相兼鉴赏
首三句直接写友人思念之情。“搅柔肠离恨病相兼，重聚首佳期卦怎占？豫章城开了座相思店。”曲词一开始，就直写思念情。离愁别恨，积于心中，搅动柔肠，使他坐卧不安，以至恹恹成病。“搅”字用得好，形象地写出离恨在他心中引起的波涛，具有鲜明的动感，而离恨与病“相兼”，则言别情导致的严重后果。为了摆脱离恨与病相兼之苦，主人公渴望与所爱之人重新聚首，但何时才能再遇佳期，却难以预料，只好寄希望于占卦，可是这卦怎个占法，又茫然不知，那聚首佳期就更谈不上。“重聚首佳期卦怎占”一句，凝聚了人物复杂的感情，有盼望、希冀、焦虑以及不安，颇为传神地刻画了他思念恋人时的心理活动。“豫章城开了座相思店”一句，暗用双渐苏卿的故事，叙说友人相思之苦。这个故事宋元时广为流传，被编人戏曲词话，《水浒传》写白秀英说唱“诸般品调”，就有“豫章城双渐赶苏卿”段子，《香泥莲花记》中苏卿金山寺题诗，也有“高挂云帆上豫章”之句。这里借用此典，不一定是说所爱之人为人所夺，只是借以强调相思。值得注意的是，诗人以“开了座相思店”来形容对恋人思念之重，写法却新奇别致，同时也为下面以商贾行话比喻愁闷作了准备。
中间两句作者用商贾行业词语来描写相思的愁闷之情。“闷勾肆儿逐日添，愁行货顿塌在眉尖。”这两句结合人物特定的市井生活环境，描绘友人愁思日增，烦闷不已，写来饶有趣味。勾肆儿是宋元时都市的游乐场所。这里，诗人写友人忧郁成病，只好到勾肆消遣散心，然而相思难禁，愁闷依旧袭来，“逐日添”一语，是说愁闷与日俱增。这一句，从时间的角度来写愁思愈久而愈深。下一句，则把抽象的愁思比作具体的物件，形象地描写了它的沉重。此句的“行货”“顿塌”即愁思像货物一般，积压在他的眉尖，简直使他喘不过气来，这愁思是何等的沉重。
末三句同样以商贾之语来描写相思和愁闷，但角度稍有变化。“税钱比茶船上欠”，这里的“税钱”比喻相思，既然彼此相爱，就得付出相思的代价，犹如商家必须缴纳税钱一样。这相思的“税钱”到哪里追比呢，只有茶船上。诗人又一次使用了“豫章城”的典故。苏卿系为茶商所夺，作者再用此典，似乎是暗示友人之所爱为强有力者夺去。乔吉的另一首《水仙子·嘲人爱姬为人所夺》可作参考。这也许是前面“重聚首佳期卦怎占”的原因。“斤两去等秤上掂”，此句说愁思的轻重要用等秤掂量，同样也是以具体事物来作比喻。这句同样带有浓厚的商贾色彩，与前面的描写相一致。最后一句“吃紧的历册般拘钤”，概括全首，意思是这一切就像在账本上记着似的无法改变。这一句，使用了几个宋元时的方言俗语，连同前面的商家行话，构成了全曲鲜明的俚俗特色。
这首小令最大的特点是语言通俗，多用商贾行业词语来描写相思恋情，一定程度上反映了当时社会商业活动的繁盛。在元代，散曲流行于城市，被称为“街市小令”，它被染上商业色彩，是毫不足怪的，这正是它和诗词创作不同的地方。
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寄淮南友人》
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李白《
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山鹧鸪词》
乔吉简介
唐代·乔吉的简介
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乔吉(1280?～1345) 元代杂剧家、散曲作家。一称乔吉甫，字梦符，号笙鹤翁，又号惺惺道人。太原人，流寓杭州。钟嗣成在《录鬼簿》中说他“美姿容，善词章，以威严自饬，人敬畏之”，又作吊词云：“平生湖海少知音，几曲宫商大用心。百年光景还争甚？空赢得，雪鬓侵，跨仙禽，路绕云深。”从中大略可见他的为人。剧作存目十一，有《杜牧之诗酒扬州梦》、《李太白匹配金钱记》、《玉箫女两世姻缘》三种传世。
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宋代：
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王迈
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