还旧居
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魏晋]：陶渊明
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畴昔家上京，六载去还归。
今日始复来，恻怆多所悲。
阡陌不移旧，邑屋或时非。
履历周故居，邻老罕复遗，
步步寻往迹，有处特依依。
流幻百年中，寒暑日相推。
常恐大化尽，气力不及衰。
拨置且莫念，一觞聊可挥。
还旧居译文及注释
译文
从前居住在上京，离别六年常来归。
今日重来旧居处，凄怆哀痛多伤悲。
东西街道仍原样，有些房舍已坍颓。
故居周围走访遍，邻里老人少存遗。
漫步探寻前踪迹，某处令我情恋依。
百年只是变幻影，寒来暑往岁月催。
常忧生命到尽头，身体气力未尽衰。
丢开不去多思念，姑且痛饮举起杯。
注释
旧居：指陶渊明故居浔阳柴桑（今江西九江西南）。
畴（chóu）昔：往昔，从前。畴：发语助词，无义。家上京：诗人大约在义熙元年（405），即由彭泽归田那一年，从旧居柴桑迁往上京居住。上京：地名，当距柴桑旧居不远。
六载：即诗人在上京居住的时间。一本作“十载”。去还归：谓常来常往。指经常回柴桑探望。
今日：指写此诗的时间，始复来：诗人由上京迁居南村后，已多年（约为七年）未回柴桑旧居，所以称这次返回为“始复来”。
恻（cè）怆（chuàng）：凄伤悲痛。
阡（qiān）陌：本指田间小道，此处指邑中街道，南北为阡，东西为陌。不移旧：没有改变原先的样子。
邑（yì）屋：邑指县城。上京里在柴桑城外近镇内，故称民屋为邑屋。或时非：有的与从前不同。
履（lǚ）历：所经过之处，周：全，遍。
邻老：邻居家的老人。罕复遗：很少有还活着的。
往迹：过去的踪迹。
有处：意为某些地方。有，或也，此处转为“某”的意思。依依：依恋不舍的样子。
流幻：流动变幻，指人生漂流动荡，踪迹不定。百年中：即指人的一生。
寒暑日相推：寒来暑往，日月相互交替，形容岁月流逝得很快。
大化尽：指生命结束。大化：原指人生的变化，《列子·天瑞》：“人自生至终，大化有四：婴孩也，少壮也，老耄也，死亡也。”后遂以“大化”作为生命的代称。
气力：指体力。不及：不待。衰：衰竭。古人以五十岁为入衰之年。《礼记·王制》：“五十始衰。”诗人此时已五十余岁。这两句是说，我常担心死亡到来，还没等我体力完全衰竭。
拨置：犹弃置，放在一边。拨，拂开。
觞（shāng）：古代一种酒器。挥：一饮而尽的动作。
参考资料：
1、郭维森 包景诚．陶渊明集全译．贵阳：贵州人民出版社，1992：129-131
还旧居创作背景
此诗约作于晋安帝义熙八年（412年），陶渊明四十八岁；一说作于十三年（417年），陶渊明五十三岁。诗人居上京时。尚常往来于柴桑之间，然迁至南村后，已多年未回柴桑。这次回到阔别已久的柴桑故地，感慨人生无常，于是写下这首凄凉哀怨的诗歌。
参考资料：
1、郭维森 包景诚．陶渊明集全译．贵阳：贵州人民出版社，1992：129-131
还旧居鉴赏
这首诗描绘了一幅萧瑟衰败的旧居景象，基调凄凉哀怨。房屋的变迁，人事的推移，直接的原因是社会的动荡，而又像是生命枯荣变幻的必然。全诗以“一觞聊可挥”做结，看似要以及时行乐来驱散心中的“恻怆”和“所悲”，但是诗人的“及时行乐”有其自身的独特性，是其人生智慧的表现形式：纵浪于“自然”之中，身心达到适意之境。陶渊明的生活建立在田园生活的“自然”的基础之上，他解决人生问题的智慧也是由此生发出来。
陶渊明在回旧居之前已经历了辞官归田后的六年躬耕生活，可以说历尽艰难困苦，而今体力渐衰，迫使他不得不回到老家。眼前破落的故里，又增添了诗人的恻怆之情。浔阳（今江西九江）为京都建康（今江苏南京）与西境重镇江陵（今湖北荆州）之枢纽。在过去十年中，桓玄篡乱，卢循起义，浔阳地区及左近都有激战。社会动荡与战乱，使浔阳日益凋敝。这首诗表面上似乎是专因环境、体衰而悲慨，但如果联系“忆我少壮时，无乐自欣豫。猛志逸四海，骞翮思远翥”（《杂诗八首》之五）来看，那就会令人感到陶渊明可能有更多而未明言的悲哀。诗的最后两句“拨置且莫念，一觞聊可挥”，便透露了这一消息。
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纳兰性德《
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杨万里《
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都下无忧馆小楼春尽旅怀二首》
陶渊明简介
唐代·陶渊明的简介
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陶渊明（约365年—427年），字元亮，（又一说名潜，字渊明）号五柳先生，私谥“靖节”，东晋末期南朝宋初期诗人、文学家、辞赋家、散文家。汉族，东晋浔阳柴桑人（今江西九江）。曾做过几年小官，后辞官回家，从此隐居，田园生活是陶渊明诗的主要题材，相关作品有《饮酒》、《归园田居》、《桃花源记》、《五柳先生传》、《归去来兮辞》等。
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