都下无忧馆小楼春尽旅怀二首
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宋代]：杨万里
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病眼逢书不敢开，春泥谢容亦无来。
更无短计销长日，且绕栏干一百回。
不关老去愿春迟，只恨春归我未归。
最是杨花欺客子，向人一一作西飞。
都下无忧馆小楼春尽旅怀二首创作背景
公元1167年（南宋孝宗乾道三年），杨万里由于张浚的推荐，任临安府教授。临安府即今浙江杭州，为南宋首都。“无忧馆”则是作者给自己寓所起的名号。南宋时代，最高统治者安于现状、不思进取，杨万里正是处在这样的大环境里，很难有所作为。
参考资料：
1、《宋诗鉴赏辞典》.上海辞书出版社，1987年12月版，第1062-1063页
都下无忧馆小楼春尽旅怀二首鉴赏
第一首一二两句都是因果句：由于“病眼”，所以“逢书不敢开”，由于“春泥”所以“谢客亦无来”。而这正是他感到寂寞的来由，“更无短计销长日”，春末时节，日并不长，然而偏偏说“长日”，大概是从《诗经》的“春日迟迟”化来。这个“长”字，有力地表明了作者的寂寞无聊。因为越是无事可做，便越感到日长，这正反映了作者对这种生活的厌恶。“短计”，即肤浅之计，“短”与“长”字相对，连个短计也还想不出来，真是无法打发这漫长的一天。
围绕栏杆行走，而且至于百回之多，这样写有点夸张，可是读者又感到真实，因为这正是绞尽脑汁想出的“短计”，他的“短计”，似平只有如此。这句话写得很具体，也很形象，似乎可以看到一个百无聊赖的人，围绕着栏杆不停地打转转。
以上两句，特别是末句，质朴无华，形同口语，这正是杨诗在语言上的一个特点。
在百无聊赖中，不免思归了。作者此次寓居临安，是短暂的，没有多久，便由于“丁父忧”而回乡了。看来他很不习惯于这种“饱食终日，无所用心”的生活。
第二首“不关老去愿春迟”，暗点题目的“春尽”。春天己经过去，但他还希望春天走得慢一点。他明确表白这个愿望是“不关老去”的，究“愿春迟”的原因则是“只恨春归我未归”，这就道出了作者的积愫，也点出了题目的“旅怀”，原来是因为春已归去而自己却不能归去的缘故。“恨”字直贯“春归我未归刀。看到春归，“我未归”之恨愈甚。
“最是杨花欺客子”，又转向“杨花”杨花者，柳絮也，东风劲吹，杨花自然要飞向西去。“向人一一作西飞”，乃是春天的自然现象，然而作者却认为这是杨花的有意恼人，有意跟“客子”为难似的。杨万里江西吉州人，吉州在临安之西，杨花从临安西飞，飞向自己的故乡吉州。一个寄离临安的“客子”，而且对临安的生活又是厌倦，对西飞的杨花即既羡慕又嫉妒。
这两句的构思较之上两句尤为巧妙。周必大说：“诚斋（杨万里）大篇短章...状物姿态，写人情意，则铺叙纤悉，曲尽其妙，笔端有口，句中有眼。”（《宋诗纪事》五十引）“春归”已令人恨，更可恨者则是“杨花”，故用“最是”二字以表达进一层的“恨”：杨花无知，何能恼人？然而它的“一一向西飞”，岂不是明明有意向人炫耀？作者把无知的杨花写成有知，把杨花由于东风而西飞的自然现象，说成是故意恼人。把西飞的杨花，涂上了浓厚的感情色彩，从而表达了作者深重的思归心情。不知道周必大的评论是否也包括作者的构思，然而这种构思是的确够得上“写人情意，曲尽其妙”的。
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陶渊明《
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还旧居》
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李白《
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悲歌行》
杨万里简介
唐代·杨万里的简介
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杨万里，字廷秀，号诚斋，男，汉族。吉州吉水（今江西省吉水县）人。南宋杰出诗人，与尤袤、范成大、陆游合称南宋“中兴四大诗人”、“南宋四大家”。
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