病中感怀
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五代]：李煜
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憔悴年来甚，萧条益自伤。
风威侵病骨，雨气咽愁肠。
夜鼎唯煎药，朝髭半染霜。
前缘竟何似，谁与问空王。
病中感怀译文及注释
译文
近年来一日比一日憔悴，环顾身边亲人多有亡故而日渐萧条，令人黯然神伤。
悲伤而致病，风雨之下病骨难支、愁肠百转不能胜情。
深夜鼎中弥漫着药香，早晨醒来发现髭须斑白。
我的人生因果究竟如何？谁能替我去求问佛祖？
注释
憔悴：形容人瘦弱，面色不好看。
侵：侵害。
咽愁肠：使愁肠哽咽。
鼎（dǐng）：古代烹煮用的器物，一般三足两耳。
髭（zī）：嘴边的胡子。
前缘：佛教以世间诸物皆因缘和合而成，故善缘结善果。恶缘生恶果。又以生死本是轮回相报，故人今生之善，皆因前生善缘之成，而今生之恶，则为前生恶缘之果。
空王：佛家语，佛之尊称。佛说世界一切皆空，故称空王。
参考资料：
1、董希平编著．李煜：中华书局出版社，2010.03：第131页
2、柯宝成，操戈，胡成佳注评．南唐李后主词诗全集：山西高校联合出版社，1995.12：第134页
病中感怀创作背景
《病中感怀》作于北宋乾德二年（964年）秋冬之际的金陵。诗人心爱的儿子小仲宣身亡还不到一个月，周娥皇皇后又不幸去世。失子、失妻之痛让诗人的身体日益憔悴。诗人忧思缠绵，感喟良多，于是写下这首诗。
参考资料：
1、周小蕾著．情念李煜 心系纳兰：中国纺织出版社，2016.09：第57页
病中感怀鉴赏
首联“憔悴年来甚，萧条益自伤。”两句便给全诗笼罩了一层伤感的云雾。“萧条”二字交代了诗人此时的生活，已经没有了侍从簇拥、嫔娥相伴的富贵繁华。他是旧目的南唐君主，今日的宋人囚徒，生活不唯冷清，对比过去，尤觉萧条。诗写在入宋之后，这样的一种厌倦情绪也就有了理解的线索。诗以“憔悴”领起，对以“萧条”，前者重在写人，后者刻画环境。二者相互映对，写出人因萧条而憔悴，也因憔悴而更觉萧条。意思还不止于此一层。“年来甚”与“益自伤”相对，这是说，人是一年一年的老去，憔悴本来就一年更甚于一年，偏又处在这周遭萧条的环境中，于是便生出无尽的感伤而加快了人憔悴的速度。
中间两联刻画诗人的生活状态。颔联“风威侵病骨，雨气咽愁肠”紧承首联而发，写憔悴的“病骨”受“风威”所“侵”，伤感的“愁肠”为“雨气”所“咽”。使病体与愁怀紧密关合，以见病因愁起，愁使病笃之意。这一联尤为传神，把病中的敏感形象地写了出来，正因为有病骨，正因为有愁肠，才感受到秋风格外寒，秋雨格外冷。颈联“夜鼎唯煎药，朝髭半染霜”句，悲叹宝鼎已无他用，“唯煎药”而已，自己也垂垂老矣，已是“朝髭半染霜”了，更是哀戚尤深。
尾联“前缘竟何似，谁与问空王”，语气悲愤。“前缘”“空王”之说，更涉佛事，益见消沉。愁病交加，无所排遣，便只好求助于佛，而幻想从了解“前缘”中得到解脱，从询问“空王”中得到指点。可是“前缘竟何似”，仍不得而知。“谁与问空王”，亦不得其门而入。诗至此煞笔，流露出无限的惆帐与忧思。其中深沉的内容，耐人寻味。
诗中以“威”写风，以“气”写雨，将政治处境中所有的威逼与压迫都转为自然现象的感受，就文学手法而言是拟人。而在诗人，怕也有不能直言而曲折抒写的现实考虑。全诗把体病、心病、人情、秋景、家事、国事等融合在一体，笼罩了一层伤感的云雾。
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韩偓《
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故都》
李煜简介
唐代·李煜的简介
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李煜，五代十国时南唐国君，961年-975年在位，字重光，初名从嘉，号钟隐、莲峰居士。汉族，彭城（今江苏徐州）人。南唐元宗李璟第六子，于宋建隆二年(961年)继位，史称李后主。开宝八年，宋军破南唐都城，李煜降宋，被俘至汴京，封为右千牛卫上将军、违命侯。后因作感怀故国的名词《虞美人》而被宋太宗毒死。李煜虽不通政治，但其艺术才华却非凡。精书法，善绘画，通音律，诗和文均有一定造诣，尤以词的成就最高。千古杰作《虞美人》、《浪淘沙》、《乌夜啼》等词。在政治上失败的李煜，却在词坛上留下了不朽的篇章，被称为“千古词帝”。
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