木兰花·立春日作
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宋代]：陆游
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三年流落巴山道，破尽青衫尘满帽。身如西瀼渡头云，愁抵瞿塘关上草。
春盘春酒年年好，试戴银旛判醉倒。今朝一岁大家添，不是人间偏我老。
木兰花·立春日作译文及注释
译文
流落巴山蜀水屈指也已三年了，到如今还是青衫布衣沦落天涯，尘满旅途行戍未定。身似瀼水渡口上的浮云，愁如瞿塘峡关中的春草除去还生。
春盘春酒年年都是醇香醉人，一到立春日，戴旛胜于头上，痛饮一番，喝到在斜阳下醉倒。人间众生到今日都长一岁，绝非仅仅我一人走向衰老。
注释
木兰花：词牌名，与“玉楼春”格式相同。
立春：中国传统历法二十四节气中的第一个节气，一般逢节于上一年的岁尾，而习惯上已经把它当作春季的开始。
巴山：即大巴山，绵亘于陕西、四川一带的山脉，经常用以代指四川。
青衫：古代低级文职官员的服色。
西瀼（ràng）：水名，在重庆。东西瀼水，流经夔（kuí）州；瞿塘关也在夔州东南。这里用西瀼代指夔州。
瞿唐：即长江三峡中的瞿塘峡，其北岸就是夔州。夔州东南江边有关隘，称“江关”，亦名“瞿唐关”。⑺春盘春酒：谓立春日的应节饮馔。传统风俗，立春日当食春饼、生菜，称为“春盘”。
旛（fān）：即幡，是一种窄长的旗子，垂直悬挂。立春这一天，士大夫戴旛胜于头上，本为宋时习俗，取喜庆之意。判：此处与“拚（pàn）”同义，犹今口语之“豁出去”。
参考资料：
1、叶嘉莹 王双启．陆游词新释辑评．北京：中国书店，2001：36-38
木兰花·立春日作创作背景
这首词作于宋孝宗乾道七年（1171年）岁末立春之时，当时陆游四十七岁，在四川任夔州通判。宋孝宗隆兴元年（1163年），陆游被贬黜出京，外放镇江通判；两年后，改任隆兴通判；一年后，免职还乡，卜居镜湖之滨；三年之后才被起用，派到夔州，仍是做通判。
参考资料：
1、赖汉屏 等．唐宋词鉴赏辞典（南宋·辽·金）．上海：上海辞书出版社，1988：1370-1371
2、叶嘉莹 王双启．陆游词新释辑评．北京：中国书店，2001：36-38
木兰花·立春日作鉴赏
这首词是陆游四七岁任夔州通判时所写的。他到夔州到写这首词时不过一年多，却连上岁尾年头，开口便虚称“三年”，且云“流落”，从一入笔就已有波澜之情。次句以形象描写“流落”二字。“青衫”言官位之低，“破尽”可见穷之到了极点“尘满帽”描写出作者在道途中风尘仆仆，行戌未定的栖遑之态简简单单的七个字就活画出一个沦落天涯的诗人形象，与“细雨骑驴入剑门”异曲同工。三、四句仍承一、二句生发。身似浮云，飘流不定；愁如春草，刬去还生。以“西瀼渡头”、“瞿塘关上”为言者，不过取眼前地理景色，与“巴山道”三字相对应而已这上片四句，把抑郁潦倒的情怀写得如此深沉痛切，不了解陆游当时那几年遭遇，是很难掂量出这些句子中所涵蕴的感情分量来的。
陆游自三十九岁被贬出临安，到镇江作通判，旋移隆兴（府治在今天江西省南昌市）；四十二岁又因为“力说张浚用兵”，被削官归山阴故里；到四十五岁才又得到起用夔州通判的新命。他的朋友韩元吉在《送陆务观序》中把陆游心中要说的话说了个痛快：“朝与一官，夕畀一职，曾未足伤朝廷之大；旦而引之东隅，暮而置之西陲，亦无害幅员之广也。……务观之于丹阳（镇江），则既为贰矣，迩而迁之远，辅郡而易之藩方，其官称小大无改于旧，则又使之冒六月之暑，抗风涛之险（由于途中舟坏，陆游几乎被溺死）病妻弱子，左饘右药……”（《南涧甲乙稿》卷十四）。这段话是送陆游从镇江移官到隆兴时写的，说得激昂愤慨。从近处愈调愈远，既不是明明白白的贬职，也不是由于升迁，为什么要这样折腾他呢？韩元吉故作不解，其实他是最了解这其中的缘由的。孝宗赵眘即位后，表面上志存恢复，实则首鼠两端。陆游坚持劝说孝宗抗金，孝宗对之貌似奖掖而实则畏恶。陆游在内政上主张加强中央集权，以增强国力，由此也得罪了握有实权的官僚集团。先前由京官而出判镇江，对他是一个挫折；进而罢黜归里，更是一个挫折；此刻虽起用而远判巴蜀，这又是一个挫折。这一次又一次的打击，显然并非加之于一人，而是意在摧折整个主战派的心志，浇灭抗金复国的火种，那么不幸的人岂只是陆游一个人吗？由此可见，三年流落之哀，不仅是一己之哀，实在是国家民族的大哀。创痛巨深，安得不言之如此深沉痛切？
上片正面写心底抑郁潦倒之情，抒发报国无门之愤这是陆游诗词的主旋律，在写法上没有什么特别的地方。下片忽然换意，紧扣“立春”二字，以醉狂之态写沉痛之怀，设色陡变，奇峰突起。立春这一天士大夫戴旛胜于头上，这是宋时的一种习俗，戴上旛胜表吉庆之意。但戴银旛而曰“试”，节日痛饮而曰“判”（“判”即“拚”之意），就显然有“浊酒一杯家万里”的不平常意味了。这只是词人借酒消愁，逢场作戏罢了，而内心是很伤感的。结尾处更是飏开一笔，表面上是说不是他一人偏老，而实际上是词人深深感到时光的虚度。这就在上片抑郁潦倒的情怀上，又添一段新愁。词人强自宽解，故作旷达，正是推开一层、透过一层的写法。哭泣本人间痛事，欢笑乃人间快事。
但今日有人焉，不得不抹干老泪，强颜随俗，把哭脸装成笑脸，让酒红遮住泪痕，这种笑，岂不比哭还要凄惨吗？东坡《赤壁赋》物我变与不变之论，辛弃疾《丑奴儿》“如今识尽愁滋味，欲说还休。欲说还休，却道‘天凉好个秋’”之句，都是强为解脱而写的违心之言，写出更深一层的悲哀，那手法近乎反衬，那境界是一般人所难以达到的。
纵观全词，上下片都是写心底抑郁之情，但乍看竟好象是两幅图画，两种情怀。沈谦论词作云：“立意贵新，设色贵雅，构局贵变，言情贵含蓄。”（《填词杂说》）但作词之道，条贯、错综，两不可失，此意刘永济《词论·结构篇》曾深言之。读陆游此词，抑郁之情贯穿始终，上下片表现手法截然相异，构局又极错综复杂。读上片，看到的是一个忧国伤时、穷愁潦倒的悲剧人物形象；读下片，看到的是一个头戴银旛，醉态可掬的喜剧人物形象。粗看似迥然不同，但仔细看看他脸上的笑全都是装出来的苦笑，终于领悟到这喜剧其实不过是更深沉的悲剧罢了。
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陆游简介
唐代·陆游的简介
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陆游（1125—1210），字务观，号放翁。汉族，越州山阴（今浙江绍兴）人，南宋著名诗人。少时受家庭爱国思想熏陶，高宗时应礼部试，为秦桧所黜。孝宗时赐进士出身。中年入蜀，投身军旅生活，官至宝章阁待制。晚年退居家乡。创作诗歌今存九千多首，内容极为丰富。著有《剑南诗稿》、《渭南文集》、《南唐书》、《老学庵笔记》等。
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易顺鼎
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柳家井畔，感传书无路。雾阁荒唐吊龙女。便一枝、横竹吹入湖烟，平波上、惊起老鱼秋舞。
下界忒无聊，我劝银蟾，飞到人间最空处。身世玉壶中，诗意高寒，曾遍染、湘天风露。
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鯸鱼
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：
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弘历
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湖中藻荇蕃，蔓延丛累积。搴芼与铚艾，萌芽旋充斥。
舟楫碍泛流，波澜溷澄碧。是应例除莠，询得一良策。
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闻吴吏部少槐哀仆乏嗣饬内入狱侍汤药四首 其一
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明代：
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卢楠
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宓子弹琴日，山涛谪宦时。泽梁施禁网，鳏寡遂恩私。
未识洪钧妙，应沾造物奇。周南王化远，终不负螽斯。
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瀑布岩
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明代：
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吴宣
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月高长握笛，风急骤添弦。欲问来何处，青天但默然。