苦辛吟
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唐代]：于濆
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垅上扶犁儿，手种腹长饥。
窗下抛梭女，手织身无衣。
我愿燕赵姝，化为嫫母姿。
一笑不值钱，自然家国肥。
苦辛吟译文及注释
译文
田中耕种的男儿，终日劳作腹长饥。
窗下穿梭的女子，手里织布身无衣。
我愿燕赵的美女，个个都变成丑妇。
一笑再也不值钱，自然能国强家富。
注释
垅：田地分界的埂子，这里泛指田地。
下：一作“前”。抛：一作“掷”。
燕赵姝（shū）：燕赵的美女，泛指天下美女。燕赵多美女，故称。
嫫（mó）母：相传为黄帝的妃子，很有贤德，但相貌很丑。
一笑：封建统治者为博取美女的欢心，不惜一掷千金，故有“一笑千金”之语。钱：一作“金”。
肥：富裕，富有。
参考资料：
1、彭定求 等．全唐诗（下）．上海：上海古籍出版社，1986：1521
2、于海娣 等．唐诗鉴赏大全集．北京：中国华侨出版社，2010：411-412
3、张国举．唐诗精华注译评．长春：长春出版社，2010：781-782
苦辛吟创作背景
于濆生活在社会下层，对于当时社会上贫富不均的现实有深刻的体会，在其作品中，往往通过强烈的对比手法对这一主题进行集中的反映。在他存世不多的诗篇中，大部分都触及了当时尖锐的社会矛盾，《苦辛吟》即是有代表性的一篇。
参考资料：
1、张国举．唐诗精华注译评．长春：长春出版社，2010：781-782
苦辛吟鉴赏
此诗载于《全唐诗》卷五百九十九。下面是人民文学出版社原总编助理、古籍室主任林东海先生对此诗的赏析。
这首诗前四句表现下层人民的饥寒，后四句表现上层社会的糜费；两相对照，深刻地反映了封建社会中的不合理现象。全诗用的是对比手法，不仅前半首和后半首将下层与上层情况作了鲜明的一般性对照，而且前半首与后半首又分别用了不同的特殊对比手法，具体表现下层和上层的情况：前半首用的是“推理对比”，后半首用的是“转化对比”。
前四句说：在田地里扶犁耕种的男儿，理应有饭吃，吃得饱，但是实际上却挨饿；在窗牖下投梭织布的妇女，理应有衣穿，穿得暖，但是实际上却在受冻。情理本应如此，而实际却正相反，情理与实际形成强烈的对比；这种情理并非直接表现出来的，只写出条件，由读者推理，然后与实际情形对照，可称之为“推理对比”。这种对比，读者会对不合理现象发出“岂有此理”的感叹，既能以理服人，又能以情动人，颇有艺术效果。
推理对比，早就有此传统。《淮南子·说林训》说：“屠者藿羹，车者步行，陶者缺盆，匠者狭庐，为者不得用，用者不肯为。”这里就包含了推理对比。这手法在诗歌中普遍运用，如孟郊《织妇辞》“如何织纨素，自着蓝缕衣”，杜荀鹤《蚕妇》“年年道我蚕辛苦，底事浑身着苎麻”，都是表现用者不肯为，为者不得用。宋张俞《蚕妇》云：“昨日到城郭，归来泪满巾。遍身罗绮者，不是养蚕人。”这首诗历来脍炙人口。它之所以能如此耐人寻味，也正在于采用了以理服人、以情动人的推理对比手法。表现生活中衣、食、住、行各方面的不合理现象，多用此法。《苦辛吟》就用此法表现了食、衣两方面的不合理情况。
后四句说：我希望燕地赵地的美女，都变成面目丑陋而德行贤惠的嫫母；那么，她们的笑，就不可能再那样值钱，也就再不至于有一笑千金的挥霍现象了。这样于国于家都有利，都会好起来。古时传说燕、赵（在今河北省）出美人，这里以美人之锦衣玉食，一笑千金，典型地表现出上层生活的糜费；诗人对此现象十分不满，因而浪漫地提出这样的假设：但愿有朝一日，燕、赵所出美人，转化为黄帝的妃子嫫母：貌美转化为貌丑，无德转化为有德，笑值千金转化为笑不值钱。到那个时候，社会上富者穷奢极侈、贫者衣食无着的现象，也许可望有所改变吧。诗人驰骋想象，从现实的境界转化为理想的境界。巧妙地用两种境界形成鲜明对比，这种手法可称之为“转化对比”。诗人有意通过浪漫的想象来构成这种转化对比，借以批判上层社会的腐败。
转化对比也是传统的对比手法，“沧海桑田”是自然界的转化对比，通常被用来说明古今人事转化的对比；李白《登金陵凤凰台》“吴宫花草埋幽径，晋代衣冠成古丘”，则是直接表现古今人事的转化：“吴宫花草”变为“幽径”，“晋代衣冠”成了“古丘”，这也是一种转化对比。此诗通过想象中的转化，来构成转化对比，在艺术效果上同样能使所表现的形象鲜明而又突出，能使所抒发的感情宛转而又强烈，富有艺术感染力。
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曹操《
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谣俗词》
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白居易《
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缭绫》
于濆简介
唐代·于濆的简介
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于濆，字子漪，自号逸诗，晚唐诗人，里居及生卒年均不详，约唐僖宗乾符初（约876年前后）在世。咸通二年（681年）举进士及第，仕终泗州判官。濆患当时诗人拘束声律而入轻浮，故作古风三十篇，以矫弊俗，自号逸诗，有《于濆诗集》、《新唐书艺文志》传于世。
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