楚人养狙
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明代]：刘基
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楚有养狙以为生者，楚人谓之狙公。旦日，必部分众狙于庭，使老狙率以之山中，求草木之实，赋什一以自奉。或不给，则加鞭箠焉。众狙皆畏苦之，弗敢违也。
一日，有小狙谓众狙曰：“山之果，公所树与？”曰：“否也，天生也。”曰：“非公不得而取与？”曰：“否也，皆得而取也。”曰：“然则吾何假于彼而为之役乎？”言未既，众狙皆寤。
其夕，相与俟狙公之寝，破栅毁柙，取其积，相携而入于林中不复归。狙公卒馁而死。
郁离子曰：“世有以术使民而无道揆者，其如狙公乎！惟其昏而未觉也。一旦有开之，其术穷矣”。
楚人养狙译文及注释
译文
楚国有个以养猕猴为生的人，楚国人叫他“狙公”。每天早上，他一定在庭院中分派猕猴工作，让老猴率领（其它猴）到山里去，摘取植物的果实，取十分之一的果实来供养自己。如果猕猴不给狙公，狙公就生气地鞭打它们。猴子们都害怕，却不敢违背。
有一天，有只小猴问众猴说：“山上的果子，是狙公的吗？”众猴说：“不对，（果实）是天生的。”又问：“没有狙公的同意（我们）就不能去采吗？”众猴说：“不对，谁都能去采。”又问：“（既然）这样那么我们为什么听从他并要被他差使呢？”话还没有说完，猴子们全醒悟了。
那天晚上，众猴一起等到狙公睡着的时候，打破栅栏毁坏仓房，拿走他（狙公）存放的粮食，舍弃狙公，不再回来。狙公最后因为饥饿而死。
郁离子（即刘基隐退青田山时自取的笔名）说：“世上那种凭借权术奴役人民却没有法度的人，不就像狙公吗？只因人民昏昧尚未觉醒，才能让他得逞，一旦有人开启民智，那他的权术就穷尽了。”
注释
狙：猕猴。
部分：部署分配。此处指分派
之：到。
求：寻找。此指采摘。
赋：征收。
箠：用鞭打，名作动。
畏苦之：对（这种生活）感到很苦。
树：动词，种植。
与：同“欤”，吗。
然则：既然这样，那么。
既：完。
寤：同“悟”，领悟到。
相与：一起。
柙：关兽的木笼。
卒：终于。
以：把。 以……为：把……当做。（此处为倒装句，养狙以为：把养猴当做）
术：权术
假：依靠
俟：等候
归：回归
或：有的
实：果实
其：那个
馁：饥饿
为之役：被他（狙公）奴役。
道揆：道德准则。
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欧阳修《
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读李翱文》
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欧阳修《
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戕竹记》
刘基简介
唐代·刘基的简介
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刘基（1311年7月1日－1375年5月16日）字伯温，谥曰文成，元末明初杰出的军事谋略家、政治家、文学家和思想家，明朝开国元勋，汉族，浙江文成南田（原属青田）人，故时人称他刘青田，明洪武三年（1370）封诚意伯，人们又称他刘诚意。武宗正德九年追赠太师，谥号文成，后人又称他刘文成、文成公。他以神机妙算、运筹帷幄著称于世。刘伯温是中国古代的一位传奇人物，至今在中国大陆、港澳台乃至东南亚、日韩等地仍有广泛深厚的民间影响力。
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