养鱼记
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宋代]：欧阳修
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折檐之前有隙地，方四五丈，直对非非堂。修竹环绕荫映，未尝植物。因洿以为池，不方不圆，任其地形；不甃不筑，全其自然。纵锸以浚之，汲井以盈之。湛乎汪洋，晶乎清明。微风而波，无波而平。若星若月，精彩下入。予偃息其上，潜形于毫芒；循漪沿岸，渺然有江湖千里之想。斯足以舒忧隘而娱穷独也。
乃求渔者之罟，市数十鱼，童子养之乎其中。童子以为斗斛之水不能广其容，盖活其小者而弃其大者。怪而问之，且以是对。嗟乎，其童子无乃嚚昏而无识矣乎！予观巨鱼枯涸在旁，不得其所，而群小鱼游戏乎浅狭之间，有若自足焉，感之而作养鱼记。
养鱼记译文及注释
译文
衙署回廊前的一块空地有四五丈见方，正对着非非堂。此处修竹环绕林荫遮蔽，没有栽种其他植物。我按照地形挖了一个池塘，既不方也不圆；没有用砖砌，也没有筑堤岸，完全保留了它自然的形态。我用锹把池塘挖深，打井水把它灌满。池塘清澈见底，波光荡漾，微风一吹便泛起波纹，风一停便水平如镜。星与月映在水中，光亮直透塘底。我在塘边休息时，水中的影像纤毫毕现；绕着水池散步，仿佛徜徉在浩荡的江湖之间。这足以让人抒发内心的忧郁不畅，安慰我这个困窘寡助的人。
我于是请渔人撒网捕鱼，从他那里买了几十条活鱼，叫书童把它们放养在池塘中。书童认为池水太少不能增大容量，于是只把小鱼放养在内，而丢弃大鱼。我感到很奇怪，问他这样做的原因是什么。他把自己的想法讲给我听。可叹啊，这个书童怎么如此糊涂而无知！我看见大鱼丢在一边干渴，得不到安身之处，而那群小鱼却在那又浅又窄的池塘中嬉戏，一副悠然自得的样子，我感触很深，于是写了这篇《养鱼记》。
注释
折檐：屋檐下的回廊。隙地：空地。
方：方圆，大小。
非非堂：欧阳修在洛阳时所建，命名为“非非堂”。
植物：这里用作动词，是种植植物的意思。
洿（wū）：地势低的地方。这里名词用作动词，是挖掘的意思。
甃（zhòu）：砌墙。
锸（chā）：铁锹。浚（jùn）：疏通。
清明：清澈、明亮的样子。
偃息：休息。毫芒：微小的东西。
循：沿着。
舒：舒展。忧隘：忧愁和郁闷。穷独：困乏无助的样子。
罟（gǔ）：渔网。
活：形容词用作动词，使.....活着。
怪：认为....奇怪。
无乃：难道不是。嚚（yín）昏：糊涂昏庸。
观：观察。
自足：悠然自得的样子。
参考资料：
1、茅坤．《崇贤书院释译，图解唐宋八大家集》．安徽：黄山书社，2016年3月：第188页—189页
2、黎娜编．《唐宋八大家全集》．北京：北京联合出版公司，2015年9月：第114页
养鱼记创作背景
《养鱼记》大约创作于宋仁宗明道元年（1032年），是年欧阳修二十六岁，在洛阳任西京留守推官。当时正逢章献太后垂帘听政，很多正直之士无法得到重用，欧阳修便是其中一员。在这种背景下，他通过此文道出了对当时社会的忧虑。
参考资料：
1、乐燎原语文名师工作室编著．《高中古文阅读与鉴赏》．上海：上海辞书出版社，2015年12月：第329页
养鱼记鉴赏
这是一篇非常精彩的短文，作者以小见大，通过小鱼“若自足”，而巨鱼“不得其所”的境况，影射了当世君子“曾不能一日安之于朝堂之上”，而小人却“嚣嚣于廊庙”的现象。
文章分为两段，第一段记自己挖池“以舒忧隘而娱穷独”的事。作者以细致的笔触描绘了做池的经过和池水的清明之状，以及给自己带来的恬然自适的情趣。既不提养鱼之事，也不言他事，仿佛浑然不晓世事之状。然而最后一句“舒忧隘而娱穷独”却隐隐透出了作者志怀高远而不得伸展的心理。
转入第二段，作者开始提及养鱼之事。然而作者似乎并不意在养鱼，而是极为轻描淡写地以两句话便述完此事。转而借童子之口道出一个可怕的现实：“以斗斛之水不能广其容，盖活其小者而弃其大者。”以简练的话语点出文章的主旨，而后戛然而止。
整篇文章含而不露，叙而不议，似乎是“此中有真意，欲辨已忘言”，其实体现了欧公一贯的淳厚文风。以饱满的笔法叙写文章的次要部分，作为铺垫，以凝练的笔法点触主旨，点到即止，不再生发议论。
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欧阳修《
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与高司谏书》
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欧阳修《
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真州东园记》
欧阳修简介
唐代·欧阳修的简介
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欧阳修（1007－1072），字永叔，号醉翁，晚号“六一居士”。汉族，吉州永丰（今江西省永丰县）人，因吉州原属庐陵郡，以“庐陵欧阳修”自居。谥号文忠，世称欧阳文忠公。北宋政治家、文学家、史学家，与韩愈、柳宗元、王安石、苏洵、苏轼、苏辙、曾巩合称“唐宋八大家”。后人又将其与韩愈、柳宗元和苏轼合称“千古文章四大家”。
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