兰溪棹歌
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唐代]：戴叔伦
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兰溪棹歌译文及注释
译文
一弯蛾眉月挂在柳湾的上空，月光清朗，凉爽宜人。越中山色倒映在水平如镜的溪面上，煞是好看。淅淅沥沥的春雨，下了三天，溪水猛涨，鱼群争抢新水，夜半人静之时纷纷涌上溪头浅滩。
注释
兰溪：兰溪江，也称兰江，浙江富春江上游一支流，在今浙江省兰溪市西南。棹（zhào）歌：船家摇橹时唱的歌。
凉月：新月。
越：古代东南沿海一带称为越，今浙江省中部。
桃花雨：江南春天桃花盛开时下的雨。
棹歌：渔民的船歌。
三日：三天。
兰溪棹歌创作背景
戴叔伦于唐德宗建中元年（780年）五月至次年春曾任东阳（今属浙江）令，兰溪（又称兰江，是富春江的上游支流）在东阳附近，这首诗大约是他在这段期间所创作的。
参考资料：
1、萧涤非 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：676-677
兰溪棹歌鉴赏
这是一首富于民歌风味的船歌。全诗以清新灵妙的笔触写出了兰溪的山水之美及渔家的欢乐之情。
歌唱当地风光的民歌，除有特殊背景外（如刘禹锡《踏歌词》）取景多在日间。因为在丽日艳阳照映下，一切景物都显得生气蓬勃、鲜妍明媚，得以充分展示出它们的美。此篇却独出心裁，选取夜间作背景，歌咏江南山水胜地另一种人们不大注意的美。这是它在取材、构思上的一个显著特点。
“凉月如眉挂柳湾”，首句写舟行所见岸边景色：一弯如眉的新月，映射着清冷的黑暗，正低挂在水湾的柳梢上。雨后的春夜，月色显得更加清澄；时值三月（从下文“桃花雨”可知），柳条已经垂缕披拂。眉月新柳，相映成趣，富于清新之感。
“越中山色镜中看”，此句转写水色山影。浙江一带古为越国之地，故称“越中”。“山色镜中看”，描绘出越中一带水清如镜，两岸秀色尽映水底的美丽图景。句内“中”字复迭，既增添了民歌的咏叹风味啊，又传递出夜间行舟时于水中一边观赏景色，一边即景歌唱的怡然自得的情趣。
“兰溪三日桃花雨，半夜鲤鱼来上滩。”船继续前行，不觉意间已从平缓如镜的水面驶到滩头。听到滩声哗哗，诗人才联想到连日春雨，兰溪水涨，滩声听起来也变得更加急骤了。在滩声中，似乎时不时听到鱼儿逆水而行时发出的泼刺声，诗人又不禁想到，这该是撒欢的鲤鱼趁着春江涨水，在奔滩而上了。南方二三月间桃花开时，每有绵绵春雨。这种持续不断的细雨，能使江水上涨，却不会使水色变浑，所以次句有水清如镜的描写，如果是北方的桃花汛，则自无“山色镜中看”的清澈之景。由此可见诗人观察事物描写景物的真切。因是夜中行舟，夜色本来比较黯淡朦胧，这里特意选用“桃花雨”的字面，感觉印象中便增添了黑暗的冬天色彩；夜间本来比较宁静，这里特意写到鲤鱼上滩的声响，遂使静夜增添了活泼的生命跃动气息。实际上，这里所写的“三月桃花雨”与“鲤鱼来上滩”都不是目接之景，前者因滩声喧哗而有此联想，后者因游鱼泼刺而有此猜测。两者都是诗人的想象之景。正因为多了这一层想像的因素，诗情便显得更为浓郁。
通观全诗，可以发现，这首船歌虽然以兰溪之夜作为背景，但它着重表现的并非夜的静谧朦胧，而是兰溪夜景的清新澄澈，生趣盎然。而这，正体现出这首诗独特的民歌气韵，渔家的欢乐之情。
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戴叔伦简介
唐代·戴叔伦的简介
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戴叔伦(732—789)，唐代诗人，字幼公（一作次公），润州金坛(今属江苏)人。年轻时师事萧颖士。曾任新城令、东阳令、抚州刺史、容管经略使。晚年上表自请为道士。其诗多表现隐逸生活和闲适情调，但《女耕田行》、《屯田词》等篇也反映了人民生活的艰苦。论诗主张“诗家之景，如蓝田日暖，良玉生烟，可望而不可置于眉睫之前”。其诗体裁皆有所涉猎。
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