浣溪沙·楼上晴天碧四垂
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宋代]：周邦彦
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楼上晴天碧四垂。楼前芳草接天涯。劝君莫上最高梯。
新笋已成堂下竹，落花都上燕巢泥。忍听林表杜鹃啼。
浣溪沙·楼上晴天碧四垂译文及注释
译文
晴空万里，我登上杨柳掩映的高楼，眺望一片芳草绿到天边。劝你不要登上高楼的顶点，因为此时登高怀远，最是伤怀。
堂下的新笋已长成竹子，落花已碾成尘土作了燕子筑巢的新泥。此时再怎忍心听那林梢上传来杜鹃的的啼叫呢？
注释
浣（huàn）溪沙：唐代教坊曲名，后用为词牌。分平仄两体，字数以四十二字居多，还有四十四字和四十六字两种。最早采用此调的是唐人韩偓，通常以其词为正体，另有四种变体。全词分两片，上片三句全用韵，下片末二句用韵。此调音节明快，为婉约、豪放两派词人所常用。
碧（bì）四垂：四面青天与远处绿野相接，自高而下，同一碧色。
芳草：意为芳草掩映的归途。
高梯：高楼。暗指登高易动乡情。
燕巢（cháo）泥：落花化为泥土，被燕子衔去筑巢。
林表：林外。
杜鹃（juān）：鸟名，其声衷苦，似“不如归去”，勾人乡思。
参考资料：
1、王克俭．周邦彦诗词选：海南国际新闻出版中心，不详：第42页
2、石延博．宋词：中国和平出版社，2004.12：第104-105页
浣溪沙·楼上晴天碧四垂创作背景
宣和二年（1120），周邦彦曾任顺昌知府，这首词或许是这个时期所作。暮春之时，词人登高远望，看到天空中万里无云，地下芳草萋萋，远处的林外又传来杜鹃的啼鸣，触发了词人的惜春伤怀之情，于是写下这首词。
参考资料：
1、上官紫微．宋词三百首导读：中国纺织出版社，2014.01：第134页
2、夏承焘．宋词鉴赏辞典 上：上海辞典书出版社，2013.08：第758页
浣溪沙·楼上晴天碧四垂鉴赏
上阕首句“楼上晴天碧四垂，楼前芳草接天涯”中看似都是景语，实则化用了韩倔《有忆》“愁肠泥酒人千里，泪眼倚楼天四垂”和魏夫人《阮郎归》“夕阳楼处落花飞，晴空碧四垂”的物境和意境，词人看到了渺远而开阔的景物，思乡之情就油然而生。“劝君莫上最高梯”说出了自己思乡的心绪，因为登得愈高，思乡的离愁别恨也就愈加强烈，这里表现了词人怕触动无法排遣的乡情，才不敢凭高眺远，但词人却不予点破，可以说是含而不露，深沉蕴藉。
下阕首句“新笋已成堂下竹，落花都上燕巢泥”中，词人通过写新笋成竹、落花燕巢这样的意象来表达自己对时光流逝思念之情。结合上阕内容，词人把视角从天空原野拉到了眼前的新竹燕巢，一远一近，一大一小，丰富了词的层次感，也在广阔空间的基础上加入了时间的维度，使词的抒情更加真切、感人。末句是景中情语，而其情过于深切，“忍听林表杜鹃啼”采用反问的语气，表达了词人思念家乡，盼望回归故里的迫切之情。
这首写思乡之情的小令从一开始就将愁情包含在了词句之中，全词更显愁思萦绕、不绝如缕，点明所愁的正是乡情，而用典自然，如从己出，也是这首词的重要艺术特色。
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周邦彦简介
唐代·周邦彦的简介
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周邦彦（1056年－1121年），中国北宋末期著名的词人，字美成，号清真居士，汉族，钱塘（今浙江杭州）人。历官太学正、庐州教授、知溧水县等。徽宗时为徽猷阁待制，提举大晟府。精通音律，曾创作不少新词调。作品多写闺情、羁旅，也有咏物之作。格律谨严。语言典丽精雅。长调尤善铺叙。为后来格律派词人所宗。旧时词论称他为“词家之冠”。有《清真集》传世。
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