淮中晚泊犊头
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宋代]：苏舜钦
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淮中晚泊犊头译文及注释
译文
春天的阴云垂落在旷野，田野里到处绿草青青。偶尔看见幽香的花开放，那一株树因此明亮美丽。
黄昏的时候，我乘一叶孤舟停靠在古旧的祠堂下，在满河的烟雨中凝望那渐生渐满的潮水。
注释
淮：淮河。犊头：淮河边的一个地名。犊头镇，在今江苏淮阴县境内。
春阴：春天的阴云。垂野，春天的阴云笼罩原野。
幽花：幽静偏暗之处的花。
古祠：古旧的祠堂。
满川：满河。
淮中晚泊犊头创作背景
宋仁宗庆历四年（1044年）秋冬之际，诗人被政敌所构陷，削职为民，逐出京都。他由水路南行，于次年四月抵达苏州。这首诗是其旅途中泊舟淮上的犊头镇时所作。
参考资料：
1、刘永生．宋诗选：天津古籍出版社，1997：52-53
淮中晚泊犊头鉴赏
这首小诗题为“晚泊犊头”，内容却从日间行船写起，后两句才是停滞不前船过夜的情景。
诗人叙述中所见的景象说：春云布满天空，灰蒙蒙地笼罩着淮河两岸的原野，原野上草色青青，与空中阴云上下相映。这样阴暗的天气、单调的景色，是会叫远行的旅人感到乏味。幸而，岸边不时有一树野花闪现出来，红的，黄的，白的，在眼前豁然一亮，那鲜明的影像便印在你的心田。
阴云，青草，照眼的野花，自然都是白天的景色，但说是船行所见，何以见得呢？这就是“时有幽花一树明”那个“时”字的作用了。时有，就是时时有，不时地有。野花不是飞鸟，不是走兽，怎么能够一会儿一树，一会儿又一树，不时地来到眼前供人欣赏呢？这不就是所谓“移步换形”的现象，表明诗人在乘船看花吗？
天阴得沉，黑得快，又起了风，眼看就会下雨，要赶到前方的码头是不可能的了，诗人决定将船靠岸，在一座古庙下抛锚过夜。果然不出所料，这一夜风大雨也大，呼呼的风挟着潇潇的雨，飘洒在河面上，有声有势；河里的水眼见在船底迅猛上上涨，上游的春潮正龙吟虎啸，奔涌而来。诗人呢？诗人早已系舟登岸，稳坐在古庙之中了。这样安安闲闲，静观外面风雨春潮的水上夜景，岂不是很快意的吗？
欣赏这首绝句，需要注意抒情主人公和景物之间动静关系的变化。日间船行水上，人在动态之中，岸边的野草幽花是静止的；夜里船泊牧犊头，人是静止的了，风雨潮水却是动荡不息的。这种动中观静，静中观动的艺术构思，使诗人与外界景物始终保持相当的距离，从而显示了一种悠闲、从容、超然物外的心境和风度。
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常建《
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送宇文六》
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晏殊《
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更漏子·雪藏梅》
苏舜钦简介
唐代·苏舜钦的简介
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苏舜钦（1008—1048）北宋诗人，字子美，开封（今属河南）人，曾祖父由梓州铜山（今四川中江）迁至开封（今属河南）。曾任县令、大理评事、集贤殿校理，监进奏院等职。因支持范仲淹的庆历革新，为守旧派所恨，御史中丞王拱辰让其属官劾奏苏舜钦，劾其在进奏院祭神时，用卖废纸之钱宴请宾客。罢职闲居苏州。后来复起为湖州长史，但不久就病故了。他与梅尧臣齐名，人称“梅苏”。有《苏学士文集》诗文集有《苏舜钦集》16卷，《四部丛刊》影清康熙刊本。1981年上海古籍出版社出版《苏舜钦集》。
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