虞美人·深闺春色劳思想
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唐代]：顾夐
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深闺春色劳思想，恨共春芜长。黄鹂娇啭泥芳妍，杏枝如画倚轻烟、琐窗前。
凭阑愁立双娥(é)细，柳影斜摇砌。玉郎还是不还家？教人魂梦逐杨花、绕天涯。
虞美人·深闺春色劳思想译文及注释
译文
满园春色叩开我的闺房，拨动闺中人的愁思苦想，我心中不尽的怨愁啊，伴随着芳草一天天滋长。花丛里黄鹂在娇婉地啼鸣，薄薄的春雾飘浮在红杏枝上；我在琐窗前无限惆怅。
在思愁中凭栏远望，一双蛾眉又细又长。玉郎还是不回家来，只见柳影斜斜地摇动长廊。柳的飘摇里我的梦魂在幻化，思绪在追逐纷飞的杨花，在天涯里寻觅，在天涯里漂荡。
注释
深闺：女子所居之内室。劳思想：即勤思念。《诗经·燕燕》：“瞻望弗及，实劳我心。”
春芜：春天的杂草。芜，一作“无”，一作“光”。
泥芳妍：在花间萦回。泥，留滞，此有萦回之意。芳妍：指花丛。
琐：一作“锁”。
双娥细：双眉紧锁。娥，一作“蛾”。
砌：台阶。
玉郎：古代女子对丈夫的爱称。
杨花：柳絮。
参考资料：
1、钱国莲 等．花间词全集：当代世界出版社，2002：143
2、房开江 崔黎民．花间集全译：贵州人民出版社，1990：433-434
3、陈如江．花间词：浙江教育出版社， 2007：150
虞美人·深闺春色劳思想鉴赏
凭阑愁立双娥细，柳影斜摇砌。玉郎还是不还家？教人魂梦逐杨花、绕天涯。
此首为思妇之词。开头两句，通摄全词，点明由春色引起春恨。上片主要写春色，下片主要写春恨。上下片仿佛两个相连的画面，全词情景交融。
开始两句十二字，内蕴丰富。“深闺”暗示抒情主人公是少妇，面对恼人春色，不禁情思绵绵。一个“劳”字透露出她那“为君憔悴尽，百花时”的隐痛。由“劳”瘁而怨“恨”，可见其爱之深切。“恨共春芜长”，佳在“春芜”一词含义双重面使全句意味隽永。以春草喻离别，是中国古典诗歌的传统。远如“王孙游兮不归，春草生兮萋萋”（《楚辞·招隐士》），又如“离恨恰如春草，更行更远还生”（李煜《清平乐》）。以上“春草”都是本义，没有引申之意。而“恨共春芜长”的“春芜”，除春草本义外，还隐寓行人之意，也就是说此句不仅有闺中人的怨恨随着春草不断增长之意，还含有“平芜尽处是春山，行人更在春山外”的人越远、恨越长之意。这就深化了诗意，即前人所谓得“句外意”之妙。下面三句写景，以具体意象补充首句“春色”，选取深闺“琐窗前”的视角写思妇所见所闻。“黄鹂娇啭泥芳妍，杏枝如画倚轻烟”两句宛如五代花鸟画，用笔工细，着色鲜艳。前一句声色并茂，以声为主，富有动势。黄鹂的婉啭娇鸣，似与满园春色而共语。后一句写杏枝倚立于淡淡烟霭中，恬静如画。这春色以黄鹂、红杏为主，缀以群芳的姹紫嫣红，一片暖色，再加上黄鹂悦耳的娇啼，真是“红杏枝头春意闹”不足喻其美。少妇透过琐窗听见以上春光，当比“忽见陌头杨柳色”感触更为深婉了。上片如从思维顺序出发，触景而生情，则开头两句亦可算是逆笔。
从上结至过片，时空转换为另一个画面。张炎云：“最是过片，不要断了曲意。”（《词源·制曲》）“凭阑”句既自成画面，又未断意脉。原来闺中人被春色所吸引，不满足于隔窗观花，她轻移莲步，款款伫立于阑干旁，含愁凝眸。“双娥细”，以秀眉的细长以形容其青春貌美。“‘柳影斜摇砌”，是思妇凭阑所见，也是下片唯一景语，寥寥五字，一波三折，确是词的当行本色语。表层意思是柳条之影因风吹斜而摇曳于台阶，但其中还隐含摇落了杨花、杨花飘落于“砌”两层意思。这三层意思浓缩于五字句中，写得极密。五字中没有“杨花”字样，而于下文显现，是诗人匠心所在。下文思妇的内心独白，由上片的蓄势，直至此句才引发出来。从杨花的摇落，联想自己红颜将凋零，所以她痛苦地唱出了全词的最强音：“玉郎还是不还家，教人魂梦逐杨花，绕天涯。”和开头暗相呼应。她终日盼不回丈夫，怅恨之情悠然而生，于是嗔问道：“你倒是回来不回来？叫人家成天价象在梦魂中一看，跟着那漫天的柳絮，绕世界去神游寻觅！”这种奇思遐想，意味深长，倾吐出少妇的无限离愁和情思。“魂梦逐杨花”为思妇词开创了新的意境，对后代有所影响，如晏几道名句：“梦魂惯得无拘检，又踏杨花过谢桥。”（《鹧鸪天》）似受此词启发，又如章楶的《水龙吟·杨花》以及苏轼的和词，咏杨花而和思妇情怀相联，也似乎受到此词的影响。
《花间》词温庭筠多丽藻，韦庄多质朴语。顾敻成就不及温、韦，此词却能熔丽藻与质朴于一炉，使之疏密相间，恰到好处。
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晏几道《
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浪淘沙·小绿间长红》
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晏几道《
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浪淘沙·小绿间长红》
顾夐简介
唐代·顾夐的简介
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顾敻，五代词人。生卒年、籍贯及字号均不详。前蜀王建通正(916)时，以小臣给事内廷，见秃鹫翔摩诃池上，作诗刺之，几遭不测之祸。后擢茂州刺史。入后蜀，累官至太尉。顾夐能诗善词。 《花间集》收其词55首，全部写男女艳情。
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