登雨花台
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明代]：魏禧
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生平四十老柴荆，此日麻鞋拜故京。
谁使山河全破碎？可堪翦伐到园陵！
牛羊践履多新草，冠盖雍容半旧卿。
登雨花台译文及注释
译文
四十年来，甘守贫困度残生，
脚穿麻鞋，此日登台望旧京。
满目破碎，大好河山谁摧毁？
一腔悲愤，园陵松柏竟凋零！
牛羊践踏，大片春草变狼籍，
车马驰骋，半是旧官显骄横。
暮色苍茫，欲哭无泪残阳斜，
悲风猎猎，吹起大江呜咽声。
注释
老柴荆：老于茅屋，表示甘守贫贱。
园陵：指南京钟山的明太祖朱元璋墓。
冠盖：官僚们的官服车盖。雍容：华贵的样子。
登雨花台创作背景
此诗作于1663年（康熙二年），据明亡已二十年。作为长期隐居故乡的遗民诗人，魏禧四十岁时来到旧京南京，登上今中华门外的雨花台，仍感慨万千，写下这首七律。
登雨花台鉴赏
雨花台是坐落在南京城南的一处名胜，登高远眺，诸景诸色，尽收眼底。南京曾是明代建国之初的都城，明朝开国皇帝朱元璋的墓就在南京钟山之上；南明福王朝廷也曾建都于此。诗人登上雨花台，举目四望，不禁感叹万分。开头两句不禁点名了诗人的布衣身份，而且还隐含着一股豪气。魏禧在明亡之后，绝意仕进。清统治者为笼络文士，曾诏举博学鸿词，他拒绝应试，因此年至四十，仍甘心老于茅屋。“麻鞋”乃乡间野老所穿，杜甫曾以“麻鞋见天子，衣袖露两肘”的诗句表示对唐王朝的耿耿忠心。在山河破碎、江山易主的时刻，魏禧以“此日麻鞋拜故京”表达了更为深沉浓重的情感。
三、四两句诗人心头的怒火陡然升起，诗人发出了激愤的责问：究竟谁是国家灭亡的罪魁祸首？表现了诗人对祸国殃民者的仇恨和对历史的反思。“全破碎”的“全”字含义深刻。金瓯破碎，竟然无一可以幸免，而且是在极为短暂的时间内遭到了迅速覆灭的命运。福王朱由崧即位南京之后，阉党余孽马士英等把持了朝政，不积极备战，以图恢复，反而倒行逆施，大兴土木，恣意荒淫，遂使山河全部为清所有。战火遍地，四处疮痍，甚至明朝开国皇帝的陵墓也难逃厄运。这实在是令人难以容忍的奇耻大辱，诗人用“可堪翦伐到园陵”表达了痛心疾首的义愤之情。其中有对断送国家者的鞭挞，也有对异族入侵者的控诉。
五、六两句诗人内心的怒火转化为憎恶怨恨，从而使全诗的内蕴更加深邃和丰富。“牛羊践履”既是实写眼前景，又是对异族侵略者的微妙讥讽。作为刚从游牧部族进入关内的清人，牛羊的践踏锦绣江山，就如同他们的铁蹄在蹂躏着大江南北。“多新草”三字含义深长，形象地描绘出了被牛羊践踏的田园一片荒芜，只有野草时时更新的景况，黎民百姓的悲惨处境也就可想而知了。与此相对的却是雍容华贵的官府车盖，前呼后拥，招摇过市。更令人触目惊心者还是“半旧卿”三字，那些曾在明朝为官为宦的权贵们，在异族入侵着面前卑躬屈膝，侧姿求媚，腰身又变成了当朝的新贵。他们毫无民族气节，不顾国家生死危亡，只知追求个人安乐，不正是这些民族败类葬送了明代的江山吗？这就与上一联“谁使山河全破碎”紧紧呼应起来。“冠盖雍容”与诗人“柴荆”“麻鞋”的身份相映衬，表露出“冠盖满京华，斯人独憔悴”之意，诗人强烈的民族气节也就愈加分明。“多新草”与“半旧卿”，一新一旧，新草遮盖的是旧日山河，旧卿却扮演了新贵的角色。由此不难见出诗人锤字炼句之功。
最后两句，诗人在雨花台上陷入了深深的沉思之中，满腹的悲愤还未倾吐干净，不觉暮色已经降临。作者的真挚情感甚至打动了天地万物，只见凄风悲号，江水痛哭，日夜不息。正所谓“登山则情满于山，观海则情溢于海”，达到了“感天地、泣鬼神”的程度。全诗也就在这悲风声中收束。
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登太白峰》
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阎伯理《
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黄鹤楼记》
魏禧简介
唐代·魏禧的简介
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魏禧（1624年3月2日～1680年11月17日）明末清初散文家，与汪琬、侯方域并称清初散文三大家，与兄际瑞、弟礼合称宁都三魏，三魏兄弟与彭士望、林时益、李腾蛟、岳维屏、彭任等合称易堂九子。字冰叔，一字叔子，号裕斋。江西宁都人，明末诸生，明亡隐居翠微峰勺庭，人称勺庭先生。后出游江南，以文会友，传播其明道理、识时务、重廉耻、畏名义的学说，结纳贤豪，以图恢复。他的文章多颂扬民族气节人事，表现出浓烈的民族意识。还善于评论古人的业迹，对古人的是非曲直、成败得失都有一定的见解，著有《魏叔子文集》。
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