落梅风·人初静
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元代]：马致远
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人初静，月正明。纱窗外玉梅斜映。梅花笑人偏弄影，月沉时一般孤零。
落梅风·人初静译文及注释
译文
人刚刚静下来，月色正是明亮的时候。白梅花枝斑驳地斜映在纱窗上。梅花偏偏弄影戏笑人，夜深了月亮沉落，庭院里一样凄凉孤零的景象。
注释
玉梅：白梅。
弄影：化用宋张先《天仙子》词句“云破月来花弄影”句意。
落梅风·人初静鉴赏
马致远写了二十多首“落梅风（寿阳曲）”重头小令，内容都是言情，都写得情韵绕梁。这支小令是其中之一。
这支曲子写一个独守空房的年轻女子的哀诉，放在诗歌中，便可加上“闺怨”的标题。散曲与杂剧不同，往往不需要“自报家门”，便可从曲文的情调和构思中来判断出主人公的身份与处境，这也是这首小令饶有兴味的一个方面。
“月堕霜飞，隔窗疏瘦，微见横枝”（宋杨补之《柳梢青·梅》）、“寻常一样窗间月，才有梅花便不同”（宋杜耒《寒夜》），都说明了梅月映窗特有的动人效果。此曲的起首三句，不动声色，也描绘了月明人静时的这样一幅优美的画面。然而，小令的女主人公却别有怀抱，窗前的梅影不仅未使她愉悦，反而使她感到一种遭受嘲弄的意味。曲末的两句，就造成了这样的转折。
“梅花笑人休弄影，月沉时一般孤另”，是绝妙的构思。它承接了前文的“玉梅斜映”，利用梅花“弄影”、含笑的芳姿，而挑现出女主人公在长夜中“孤另”的事实。本来人自人，梅自梅，梅花即使不存在媚人的本心，至少也无“笑人”的用意，而作者却故意将两者牵惹在一起，且以此作为女子的愤言，则女主人公的孤零、悲愁，就发扬到了极点。更妙的是女子还对梅花的弄影作了进一层的推断，想到了“月沉时”，那时梅花花影随之隐没，自怜不暇，也就无法再“笑人”了。梅花“孤另”与否，其实与月色毫不相干，作者故作文心，以“痴语”的表现手段，便淋漓尽致地写出了女子独守空闺的深怨。全曲五句，“人”、“花”、“月”各重复出现两次，却因作者构思的婉曲，令人不仅无累赘之感，反觉愈转愈妙。小令以五分之三的句子写景作为铺垫，而于末两句力为逆折，拈出题旨，且使前时的月窗梅影由清美转为清凄，举重若轻，可谓扛鼎之笔。以梅喻人、衬人固是诗歌常法，而小令于喻于衬更为曲折奇巧，语淡韵远，确是一首难得的佳作。
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马致远《
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落梅风·人初静》
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杜甫《
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南邻》
马致远简介
唐代·马致远的简介
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马致远（1250年-1321年），字千里，号东篱（一说字致远，晚号“东篱”），汉族，大都（今北京）人，另一说（马致远是河北省东光县马祠堂村人，号东篱，以示效陶渊明之志）。他的年辈晚于关汉卿、白朴等人，生年当在至元（始于1264）之前，卒年当在至治改元到泰定元年（1321—1324）之间，与关汉卿、郑光祖、白朴并称“元曲四大家”，是我国元代时著名大戏剧家、散曲家。
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