子规
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唐代]：吴融
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举国繁华委逝川，羽毛飘荡一年年。
他山叫处花成血，旧苑春来草似烟。
雨暗不离浓绿树，月斜长吊欲明天。
湘江日暮声凄切，愁杀行人归去船。
子规译文及注释
译文
杜鹃放弃了繁华的故园山川，年复一年地四处飘荡。
在异乡鸣叫，鲜血染红了山上花丛，可春天来到，老花园依然草木茂盛。
雨后凉风，它藏在绿树丛中声声哀啼，夜幕初开，它迎着欲曙的天空肃然鸣叫。
天色渐晚，它在湘江边凄凉鸣叫，使归家的船只行人悲愁之至。
注释
子规：杜鹃鸟。古代传说，它的前身是蜀国国王，名杜宇，号望帝，后来失国身死，魂魄化为杜鹃，悲啼不已。
国：故国。
委：舍弃，丢弃。
他山：别处的山，这里指异乡。
苑：古代养禽兽植林木的地方，花园。
草似烟：形容草木依然茂盛。烟：悬浮在空气中的固体小颗粒。
雨暗：下雨时天色昏暗。
离：分开。
长：通“常”，持续，经常。
吊：悬挂。
欲：想要。
湘江：长江支流，在今湖南省。
日暮：太阳快落山的时候。
凄切：凄凉悲切。
愁杀：亦作“愁煞”，谓使人极为忧愁。杀，表示程度深。
参考资料：
1、雅瑟．《唐诗三百首鉴赏大全集》：新世界出版社，2011：420-421页
子规创作背景
作者吴融唐昭宗时在朝任职，一度受牵累罢官，流寓荆南，此篇大约就写在这个时候。
参考资料：
1、萧涤非 等．《唐诗鉴赏辞典》：上海辞书出版社，1983：1338-1339页
子规鉴赏
旧时有蜀国国王化身杜鹃悲啼的传说。这可能是前人因为听得杜鹃鸣声凄苦，臆想出来的故事。此篇咏写子规，就从这个故事落笔，设想杜鹃鸟离去繁华的国土，年复一年地四处飘荡。这个悲剧性的经历，正为下面抒写悲慨之情作了铺垫。
由于哀啼声切，加上鸟嘴呈现红色，旧时又有杜鹃泣血的传闻。诗人借取这个传闻发挥想象，把原野上的红花说成杜鹃口中的鲜血染成，使用了夸张的手法，增强了形象的感染力。可是，这样悲鸣也不可能有什么结果。故国春来，依然是一片草木荣生，青葱拂郁，含烟吐雾，丝毫也不因子规的伤心而减损其生机。“草似烟”是运用了比喻的修辞，形象生动。这里借春草作反衬，把它们欣欣自如的神态视为对子规啼叫漠然无情的表现，想象之奇特，更胜过前面的泣花成血。第二联中，“他山”与“旧苑”对举，一热一冷，映照鲜明，更突出了杜鹃鸟孤身飘荡、哀告无门的悲惨命运。
后半篇继续多方面地展开对子规啼声的描绘。不同的地方，持续的鸣叫，它就是这样不停地悲啼，不停地倾诉自己内心的伤痛，从晴日至阴雨，从夜晚到天明。这一声声哀厉而又执著的呼叫，在江边日暮时分传入船上行人耳中，不能不触动人们的旅思乡愁和各种不堪回忆的往事，叫人黯然魂消、伤心欲泣。
从诗篇末尾的“湘江”看，这首诗写在今湖南一带。作者罢官，流寓荆南，这首诗反映了他仕途失意而又远离故乡的痛苦心情。诗歌借咏物托意，通篇扣住杜鹃鸟啼声凄切这一特点，反复着墨渲染，但又不陷于单调、死板地勾形摹状，而能将所咏对象融入多样化的情景与联想中，正写侧写、虚笔实笔巧妙地结合使用，达到“状物而得其神”的艺术效果。这是对写作咏物诗的有益启示。
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吴融简介
唐代·吴融的简介
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吴融，唐代诗人。字子华，越州山阴（今浙江绍兴）人。吴融生于唐宣宗大中四年（850），卒于唐昭宗天复三年（903），享年五十四岁。他生当晚唐后期，一个较前期更为混乱、矛盾、黑暗的时代，他死后三年，曾经盛极一时的大唐帝国也就走入历史了，因此，吴融可以说是整个大唐帝国走向灭亡的见证者之一。
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