西江月·咏梅
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宋代]：苏轼
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马趁香微路远，沙笼月淡烟斜。渡波清彻映妍华。倒绿枝寒凤挂。
挂凤寒枝绿倒，华妍映彻清波。渡斜烟淡月笼沙。远路微香趁马。
西江月·咏梅译文及注释
译文
马追赶，香微吹，路遥远，沙笼罩，月淡照，炊烟斜。渡水清彻映照着美艳的梅花。倒垂着的绿枝，深寒的凤栖在上头。
凤栖在寒枝上与绿树相映。鲜艳梅花映照着透彻的清波。渡口斜烟，蒙着淡月，托着笼沙。远远的道上，微微的香气，追赶着马儿。
注释
西江月：词牌名，原唐教坊曲，用作词调。
妍（yán）华：喻梅花美丽姿色。唐·李峤《东飞伯劳歌》：庭前芳树朝夕改，空驻妍华欲谁待。
倒绿：即幺凤，亦名倒挂子。
华妍：同“妍华”。
西江月·咏梅创作背景
此词作于宋哲宗绍圣三年（1096年）十一月，是时，东坡61岁。绍圣三年七月十五日，东坡侍妾朝云去世，他作下两首梅花词《西江月》予以悼念，这便是其中一首。
参考资料：
1、朱靖华，饶学刚，王文龙编著,苏轼词新释辑评 （下册）,中国书店,,第1215-1217页
西江月·咏梅鉴赏
上片，写梅的生活环境，亦是写朝云的生活环境。前三句，以七个景物叠印成一幅梅花盛开的背景图：马趁，香微，路远，沙笼，月淡，烟斜，渡波等衬托着梅花开放，鲜艳迷人。“倒绿枝寒凤桂”，描绘梅的形态，如幺凤般。朝云自杭州来到惠州，成为一尘不染的词人的最宠爱的妻妾，词人对她的情感不言而喻。
下片，写梅的凋谢，亦是悼念朝云的逝世。开头二句，写梅花的盛开，幺风与梅枝同绿。鲜艳的梅花又映照着透明的水波。再一次渲染了梅、幺凤的青春丽色，即朝云的青春丽色。最后两句，笔锋一转，环境变化，亦用六个景物来衬托着梅花凋谢、朝云英逝的凄凉气氛：渡口边呈现着的景象是“斜烟，淡月，笼沙”，还有那“远路，微香，趁马”。“微香”二字，特别醒目地告知读者：梅已谢了，只剩下“微香”，暗示着王朝云也已远走了，正在“趁马”进入到另一世界。眷恋之情，尽在不言中。
这首词是以“梅”格喻朝云。全词，采用上片尾句字倒行的回文形式，构成了下片的另一情境。词人没有直接写朝云，而是从梅—凤—人的互喻象征意蕴，渲染了梅的红叶，风的红喙，以此衬托出朝云的红颜。这种文体写作起来，难度较大，但词人非常自然地构成了新的意境，塑造了新的形象。
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上堂开示颂》
苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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