捕渔谣
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唐代]：曹邺
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天子好征战，百姓不种桑。
天子好年少，无人荐冯唐。
天子好美女，夫妇不成双。
捕渔谣译文及注释
译文
天子喜欢打仗，百姓不事农桑。
天子喜欢少年，无人举荐冯唐。
天子喜欢美女，夫妇不能成双。
注释
天子：古以君权为神所授，故称帝王为天子。
不种桑：不从事农业生产。
年少：犹少年。
冯唐：西汉代郡（今张家口蔚县）人，汉文帝时为中郎署长已近耄耋之年。此处借指年老而有德才的人。
夫妻不成双：意指良家美女多被选入皇宫，使得民间妻离子散。
捕渔谣创作背景
此诗作于唐朝末年。当时朝廷腐败，党争不断，政局动荡不安，军阀混战，兵火遍地，社会经济遭到严重破坏。曹邺于是借民间歌谣以讽刺时局。
参考资料：
1、周啸天 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典补编．成都：四川文艺出版社，1990：660-661
捕渔谣鉴赏
以“官仓老鼠大如斗”著称的曹邺，如果生于现代，很可能是个优秀的杂文家。他的诗从民间歌谣吸取营养，美刺比兴。此诗从表面看，似是汉乐府《城中谣》（“城中好高髻，四方高一尺；城中好大袖，四方全疋帛”）仿作，但两者只有形式的似点。
《城中谣》是顺向推导，把同类现象从外部加倍放大，产生正比的讽谕效果；《捕渔谣》则为逆向反讽，突出相反事物之间的内在因果关系。《城中谣》批评“上有所好，下必甚焉”竞尚效仿的奢靡风气，矛头向下；《捕渔谣》则锋芒指向最高统治者“天子”，揭露社会祸乱所由因。《城中谣》富于喜剧色彩；《捕渔谣》则充满悲剧意味。在封建社会，作为“大中进士，官祠部中，洋州刺史”的曹邺，竟敢如此冒天下之大不韪，也可说是石破天惊了。
《捕渔谣》共三章六句，分述三个并不相关的内容，用两种方式组合：一是不同内容的排比，拓宽外延；二是同一内容的对比，深化内涵，并集中在一个焦点（主题）曝光。丰茸其辞而凝炼其意，正是民间歌谣的普遍特色。远者汉桓灵时童谣：“举秀才，不知书；举孝廉，父别居。寒素清白浊如泥，高第良将怯如黾。”近者如民歌：“种田郎，吃米糠；纺织娘，没衣裳；卖盐的老婆喝淡汤，编凉席的睡光床。”其语虽浅显，事虽明了，作者仅仅作客观叙写，不加褒贬，而事实提供的强烈对比，却表达了深刻的思想内容与鲜明的憎爱态度。
进一步考察，《捕渔谣》所列举三端，非同泛泛。首句写农桑为立国之本，废于征战；人才为兴邦之道，囿于偏见；夫妇为人伦之先，乱由上作。天子所好虽不过尔尔，其影响却至巨至大。诚如司马迁言：“其称文小，而所指极大，举类迩而见义远。”（《屈原列传》）即以冯唐而论，冯唐向以不遇于时作为典故人物流传，在汉时尚数次有人举荐，如今竟至于荐引无人，可悲可叹。曹邺对晚唐社会的病态症结作了深刻揭露，既具有针对的时事性，又有深厚的历史感。
至于题作《捕渔谣》，而诗却无相关内容，或以为怪异。盖民歌民谣向有特殊调名，如近世“杨柳青”“马灯调”“莲花落”“无锡景”可以推知；起先可能抒写直接内容，后来渐渐失去联系。水路山歌，渔夫樵子，“牧笛无心信口吹”，只取其自由洒脱。文人词原亦由民间词发展而来。其词调最初大抵有来历，尔后创作渐多，遂与内容分离；犹如时新名酒仍以百年老窖陈酿作商标，示其古朴醇正而已。顺便再说一说章法，前两章如正形方阵，纵横悉成对衬；第三章奇数陡起，便觉欹兀，戛然而止，锐其锋芒。
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佚名《
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紫芝歌》
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刘克庄《
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清平乐·风高浪快》
曹邺简介
唐代·曹邺的简介
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曹邺，字邺之，桂州（桂林）阳朔人，与晚唐著名诗人刘驾、聂夷中、于濆、邵谒、苏拯齐名，而以曹邺才颖最佳。
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