吴兴杂诗
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清代]：阮元
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交流四水抱城斜，散作千溪遍万家。
深处种菱浅种稻，不深不浅种荷花。
吴兴杂诗译文及注释
译文
四条河流交错环抱着吴兴城，它们的流向与城墙偏斜。这四条河又分出许多溪水，溪水边居住着许多人家。
居民们利用这大好的自然条件，在水深的地方种上菱角，水浅的地方种植水稻，在那不深不浅的水域里种上荷花。
注释
吴兴：今浙江省湖州市。
杂诗：题目中不指明题材内容的诗。
交流四水：即“四水交流”：四条河流交错地流通。交流，交叉沟通。四水，湖州城附近有西苕溪、东苕溪，二水合成霅溪，另有一条东去的运河。
抱城斜（xiá）：绕着城斜流。斜，指环城的河流并不是和城墙构成平行直线而是斜斜地流着。
散作：分散成。
千溪：很多条流水。千，与后面的“万”同用以形容数量多，均不是确数。
遍：遍及。
深处：水深的地方。
菱（líng）：水生草本植物，果实叫菱角，可食。
参考资料：
1、张志兴．《绝句精选》．上海：学林出版社，2005：336
2、郑万泽，姚芳藩，甘雪娟．《古诗一日一首（夏）》．上海：上海教育出版社，1984：269
3、马太钦．《中国历代诗词精华选编》．郑州：河南人民出版社，2006：138
4、蓝光中．《历代诗歌选读·下卷》．广州：中山大学出版社，2011：315
5、杨箫．《历朝田园渔樵诗》．北京：华夏出版社，1999：407
6、朱安群，郭纪金．《历代山水诗选》．南昌：江西人民出版社，1981：234
7、李昌宗，黄蓉．《中国古代山水诗选读》．成都：四川少年儿童出版社，1989：237
8、卢如山．《绝句选译》．香港：天马图书有限公司，2002：301
吴兴杂诗创作背景
阮元在做浙江巡抚时，颇为关心百姓及农事，不时出外巡视民情，因此对地方的山川形势比较熟悉，这首《吴兴杂诗》便作于嘉庆二年（1797）。在江南水乡，地处太湖南面的吴兴（今浙江湖州）是最美丽的城市之一。此诗即描写吴兴的田园风光。
参考资料：
1、王章涛．《阮元年谱》．合肥：黄山书社，2003：138
2、衣殿臣．《历代哲理诗》．北京：大众文艺出版社，2000：425
3、周啸天．《中国历代诗词精品鉴赏辞典》．北京：国际文化出版公司，1996：1139
吴兴杂诗鉴赏
“交流四水抱城斜，散作千溪遍万家。”写吴兴地处水乡的特殊自然风光。读者首先注意到两句中的三个数量词，它们写出了密而不紊的一片水系。“四水”是主干，“千溪”是支流，“万家”则意味着更多的支流。通过“交流”、“散作”“遍”等动词勾勒，读者仿佛凌空鸟瞰，一望收尽吴兴水乡风光。被这密如蛛网的水系所分割，江南绿野就变成许多色块组成的锦绣。“抱城斜”是指环城的干流与城墙有一定走向上的斜度，是自然形成的一种势态，大大小小的水流都是活水，它们给江南原野带来了生机。
“深处种菱浅种稻，不深不浅种荷花”两句写水乡农作及其特点：人们在水深处种菱，水浅处种稻，而在不深不浅的地方种藕。它首先给读者呈现的是一派富庶的景象，难怪“人人都说江南好”，难怪有“苏杭熟，天下足”的俗谚了。这两句还给人更多的美感，在前二句的背景上描绘了更加生动的景物，即各种作物互相间杂，组成缤纷错综的图案。不说种藕而说种“荷花”，固然是为了字数韵脚的要求，但也使人从经济价值观念中跳出来，从审美价值角度来审视这幅图景。待到夏秋之交，绿的菱叶，黄的稻浪，红的荷花交相辉映，那是一幅格外宜人的图画。从语言风韵看，这两句也极有意趣，上句以“句中排”形式，揭出一“深”一“浅”，相反相成，已给人有唱叹宕跌、无限妍媚之感。而作者能事未尽，又写出一个“不深不浅”，对上句来了个折中，表现出绝妙的平衡；而在“深”“浅”字面上前分后总，又推出一层唱叹之音，使此诗洋洋乎愈歌愈妙。
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阮元简介
唐代·阮元的简介
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阮元（1764～1849）字伯元，号云台、雷塘庵主，晚号怡性老人，江苏仪征人，乾隆五十四年进士，先后任礼部、兵部、户部、工部侍郎，山东、浙江学政，浙江、江西、河南巡抚及漕运总督、湖广总督、两广总督、云贵总督等职。历乾隆、嘉庆、道光三朝，体仁阁大学士，太傅，谥号文达。他是著作家、刊刻家、思想家，在经史、数学、天算、舆地、编纂、金石、校勘等方面都有着非常高的造诣，被尊为三朝阁老、九省疆臣，一代文宗。
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