不遇咏
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唐代]：王维
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北阙献书寝不报，南山种田时不登。
百人会中身不预，五侯门前心不能。
身投河朔饮君酒，家在茂陵平安否？
且共登山复临水，莫问春风动杨柳。
今人作人多自私，我心不说君应知。
济人然后拂衣去，肯作徒尔一男儿！
不遇咏译文及注释
译文
我向朝廷上书没有得到答复，躬耕退隐却天时不顺没得到好收成。
朝廷的盛会自己不能参加，我也不愿到权贵的家门阿谀奉承。
我到河朔寄居在朋友家里，心里却无时无刻不在牵挂家人的平安。
春天已经来了，姑且一同寄情山水，不必管它春风吹动杨柳。
如今世人只为自己着想，我对这种现象很不高兴，内心十分鄙视。
我希望先济世致用，然后功成身退去过自己想要的隐逸生活。
岂肯一辈子就这样庸庸碌碌，毫无成就，枉做一个男子汉大丈夫！
注释
不遇：不得志；不被赏识。
北阙：古代宫殿北面的门楼。是臣子等候朝见或上书奏事之处。这里用来表示向皇帝上书。不报：不批复；不答复。《东观汉记·丁鸿传》：“鸿当袭封，上书让国于盛。书不报。”
南山：指终南山，属秦岭山脉，在今陕西省西安市南。不登：歉收。登：丰收，收成好。
百人会：众多重臣被召的盛会。预：“遇”也。
五侯：泛指权贵豪门。
河朔：黄河以北地区。
茂陵：汉武帝刘彻的陵墓，在今陕西兴平，诗中实指唐代京都长安。
春风动杨柳：指引起家中妻子的思念。语出《子夜春歌》。
说（yuè）：同“悦”。
济人：救助别人。
拂衣：振衣而去。谓归隐。
徒尔：仅能如此。
参考资料：
1、邓安生 等．王维诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1990：90-92
不遇咏创作背景
此诗是王维前期的作品，大约作于唐玄宗开元十四五年（726或727年）诗人被贬济州到开元二十二年（734年）拜右拾遗期间，比较真实地反映了诗人这一时期的生活情况和人生追求。
参考资料：
1、周啸天 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典补编．成都：四川文艺出版社，1990：108-109
不遇咏鉴赏
这首诗以第一人称的口吻，诉说了自己的不幸遭遇，抒发怀才不遇的愤慨心情。
诗共十二句。开头四句，紧扣“不遇”题旨，连用四个“不”字，反复叙写自己困顿失意的情形。北阙，指朝廷。首句是说自己，向朝廷上书，陈述自己的政见，表达用世的要求，但没有得到任何答复。次句化用汉代杨恽《拊缶歌》：“田彼南山，芜秽不治。种一顷豆，落而为萁”的句子，意思是说自己退隐躬耕，因为天时不顺，没有获得好收成，衣食无着。第三句反用晋伏滔参加孝武帝召集的百人高会，受到孝武帝垂青的故事（《世说新语·宠礼》），借指自己不能挂名朝籍的不幸遭遇。五侯，用汉成帝同日封其舅王谭等五人为侯的典故（《汉书·元后传》），此处泛指权贵。第四句意思是：阿谀奉承权贵，可以获得利禄，但自己的性格刚正不阿，不愿这样做，只能沉沦困顿。
接着的四句，描写主人公不遇失意后漂泊困窘的生活。河朔，。茂陵，。主人公落魄以后，远游河朔，投靠一位朋友为生。但滞留他乡，依附他人的生活，使他心中产生了深沉的乡思。家人住在京城，风尘阻隔，音信全无，他们都平安无事吧？还是暂且留在北地，登山临水，流连赏玩吧。即使春天已经来到人间，和风吹拂，杨柳依依，最能惹起人的旅思，也全然不管。既思乡怀人，却又宁愿继续漂泊他乡，主人公这一矛盾的心理，极深刻地反映了他失意以后凄楚、哀伤悲愤的心情。
最后四句，主人公向友人陈述他对世俗的态度和自己的人生理想。他说：今天世上的人，只为自己着想，自私自利，我对这种现象大为不悦，内心十分鄙视。这一点，你是应当了解的。我希望先济世致用，然后功成身退，去过闲适的隐逸生活，岂肯一辈子庸庸碌碌，毫无成就，枉做一个男子汉大丈夫。主人公在失意潦倒、栖迟零落的境遇下，仍然说出如此高亢激昂的誓言，表现出他仍然有强烈的用世要求。
这首诗每四句一转韵，诗意亦随之而转换，是七古体裁中典型的“初唐体”，说明了王维的诗歌创作受初唐的影响很深。但诗中所表现的虽失意不遇，仍然昂扬奋发的进取精神，则是盛唐封建知识分子普遍的精神风貌和人生态度。
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上一首：
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杜甫《
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天边行》
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下一首：
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孟浩然《
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问舟子》
王维简介
唐代·王维的简介
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王维（701年－761年，一说699年—761年），字摩诘，汉族，河东蒲州（今山西运城）人，祖籍山西祁县，唐朝诗人，有“诗佛”之称。苏轼评价其：“味摩诘之诗，诗中有画；观摩诘之画，画中有诗。”开元九年（721年）中进士，任太乐丞。王维是盛唐诗人的代表，今存诗400余首，重要诗作有《相思》《山居秋暝》等。王维精通佛学，受禅宗影响很大。佛教有一部《维摩诘经》，是王维名和字的由来。王维诗书画都很有名，非常多才多艺，音乐也很精通。与孟浩然合称“王孟”。
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