谒金门·留不得
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五代]：孙光宪
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留不得，留得也应无益。白纻春衫如雪色，扬州初去日。
轻别离，甘抛掷，江上满帆风疾。却羡彩鸳三十六，孤鸾还一只。
谒金门·留不得译文及注释
译文
不能留下，留下来也是没有什么好处。刚刚离开扬州踏上功名之路时，身着一袭白衣如雪色。
为了前程轻看了离别之事，甘愿丢弃这份情感，江上乘船鼓满风帆疾驶而去，毫不留恋。到头来还是得羡慕人家彩鸳一双双一对对，我却仍然是孤苦一身。
注释
谒金门，唐教坊曲名，后用作词牌名。《词谱》以韦庄词为正体。仄韵，四十五字，上片二十一字，下片二十四字。上下片各四句，四仄韵。又名“空相忆”、“花自落”、“垂杨碧”、“杨花落”、“出塞”、“东风吹酒面”、“醉花春”、“春早湖山”等。
白纻（zhù）春衫：古代士人未得功名时所穿衣服。白纻：即白苎，白色的苎麻。
扬州：今属江苏省。
抛掷：丢弃；弃置。
疾：风的速度很快。
三十六：约计之词，极言其多。
孤鸾：孤单的鸾鸟。比喻失去配偶或没有配偶的人。
参考资料：
1、（后蜀）赵崇祚．花间集．武汉：武汉出版社，1995：145
谒金门·留不得鉴赏
这是代闺人抒写离情别怨的词。在浮艳成风的花间派词苑里，赋别多的是缠绵悱恻之作，此首却别开生面。“留不得”，一起何其突兀，却是干净利落，绝无吞吞吐吐、欲说还休之态。欲留而不得，犹见留恋之情，而次句“留得也应无益”，却是决绝之辞，怨之深溢于言表。陡起急转，一下子就把感情的浪涛激至最高点；妙在绝非一泻无余，而是恰如巨闸截波，以高位取势。顿起之后，继以缓承，行文摇曳生姿。“白纻”两句，回叙行者初去扬州之日，江头送别，突出印象之一。记去扬州时之衣服，颇见潇洒豪迈之风度。白纻春衫，莹洁如雪，举服饰之潇洒飘逸，其人之风神如玉可知。印象如此鲜明，标志着对行者之犹存眷恋，就意脉言，暗承“留不得”。“轻别离”三句，回叙伤痛送别时突出印象之二。风帆满鼓，行者恨不得舟行如飞；看来，“天下三分明月夜，二分无赖在扬州”，有这样的繁华去处在招手，行者就视别离如等闲，视抛掷如儿戏，薄情面目，昭然若揭，就意脉言，暗承“留得也应无益”。结尾两句，写的是别后的内心独白。古乐府《鸡鸣高树巅》：“舍后有方池，池中双鸳鸯。鸳鸯七十二，罗列自成行”。词句中之“彩鸯三十六”，盖指三十六对。一方面，羡鸳鸯之双栖双宿，一方面，伤自身之有如孤鸾。这里，既寄寓对幸福之仍抱憧憬，也透露对行者怨念之深。怨之深与爱之切，相反相成，与开端仍一脉相承。此词一起一结，在写法上，前者是直诉胸臆，斩钉截铁；后者是托诸物象，言外见意。一气斡旋，两般笔墨。
诗人告别扬州的时候是果断的，“满帆风疾”正说明无所留恋。但结尾二句词意顿转，以孤鸾自喻，描绘孤寂的心境，暗含对轻易离别的后悔之意。原来前面说得那样轻松，不过是为了反衬后面的沉郁之情。
孙光宪词之见于《花间集》和《尊前集》者有八十四首，数量之多，在花间派词人中居首位。就其艺术表现，孙词特色主要体现在气骨的精健爽朗上。就此阕论，一开端就是顶点的抒情手法，一气贯注的通体结构，确是以峭劲取胜。陈廷焯《白雨斋词话》评孙词，“气骨甚遒，措语亦多警炼”，可谓鞭辟入里。
《谒金门》词调的过片，《花间集》中，韦庄、薛昭蕴、牛希济诸作，皆为两个六言句。孙光宪此阕则改为两个三言句和一个六言句。三言句“轻别离、甘抛掷”作对偶句式，揭示行者的薄情心魂，倍见生色。明杨慎《词品》云：“词人语意所到，间有参差，或两句作一句，或一句作两句，惟妙于歌者上下纵横取协。”征之唐五代词情况，斯言得之。后代论词律者往往标举一调多体，其递嬗之迹，于此也可略窥一二。
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刘秉忠《
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南乡子·南北短长亭》
孙光宪简介
唐代·孙光宪的简介
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孙光宪（901-968），字孟文，自号葆光子，属鸡，出生在陵州贵平（今属四川省仁寿县东北的向家乡贵坪村）。仕南平三世，累官荆南节度副使、朝议郎、检校秘书少监，试御史中丞。入宋，为黄州刺史。太祖乾德六年卒。《宋史》卷四八三、《十国春秋》卷一○二有传。孙光宪“性嗜经籍，聚书凡数千卷。或手自钞写，孜孜校雠，老而不废”。著有《北梦琐言》、《荆台集》、《橘斋集》等，仅《北梦琐言》传世。词存八十四首，风格与“花间”的浮艳、绮靡有所不同。刘毓盘辑入《唐五代宋辽金元名家词集六十种》中，又有王国维缉《孙中丞词》一卷。
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