荆门西下
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唐代]：李商隐
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一夕南风一叶危，荆云回望夏云时。
人生岂得轻离别，天意何曾忌险巇。
骨肉书题安绝徼，蕙兰蹊径失佳期。
洞庭湖阔蛟龙恶，却羡杨朱泣路岐。
荆门西下译文及注释
译文
江上风浪甚险，由江陵向西，江水曲折北流，夜间南风大作，舟行甚速。自荆门回望荆州，已是夏云重裹，清楚难辨。
人在半世生涯里，千万不可轻视离别，因为尽管我们不愿分离，老天何曾给予成全呢。
家里人写信来嘱咐我要安心在边塞供职，不要惦记。可是我怎能不想到，那挂满蕙兰的家园小径上，再难有共度美好时光的快乐了。
船向东行，前面就是辽阔的洞庭湖了。想到那儿必定是波涛汹涌，湖阔水深，蛟龙恶行，由此倒羡慕杨朱为歧路而悲了。
注释
荆门：州名，楚地，汉为南郡地。唐贞元置县，属江陵府。
一叶：一叶扁舟。
夏云：夏口之云。
险巇（xī）：危险。
绝徼（jiào）：绝域，极远之边塞。
蛟龙：古代传说藏在深水中的动物，能发洪水，兴风作浪。
杨朱泣路岐：意为对杨朱处在陆地多遇岐路表示羡慕，语外寄托诗人自己的身世之感。
参考资料：
1、郑在瀛编著,李商隐诗全集 汇编今注简释,崇文书局,2011.12,第284页
2、宜都市党史地方志办公室编．宜都艺文志·诗词 宜都古今诗词选：宜都市鑫颖印刷厂，2000.12：第33页
3、宋绪连 初旭编．三李诗鉴赏辞典：吉林文史出版社，1992年05月第1版：第985-986页
荆门西下创作背景
唐宣宗大中元年（847），唐宣宗即位，史称会昌之政。这导致李德裕以太子少保司东都，李党之人大多被贬逐。给事中郑亚外调为桂州刺史、桂管防御观察使，诗人被辟入幕掌书记。诗人耳闻目睹，看到会昌旧臣逐一遭贬，愤愤不平，在随郑亚赴任途中又遇险境，深有感触，写下这首诗。
参考资料：
1、宋绪连 初旭编．三李诗鉴赏辞典：吉林文史出版社，1992年05月第1版：第985-986页
荆门西下鉴赏
首联“一夕南风一叶危，荆门回望夏云时。”开篇就设置了一种气氛。这里的“一叶”、“一夕”，音韵和谐，给读者以“一”的具象，却说的是整夜不停的江风，整船不休止的担忧和困顿。在汹涌的江波中，人有一种向往安定的心情，此时船行前面不知有何凶险。在旅途的愁绪里，诗人翘首回望，已辨认不清荆州了。回首旧地，最是怅然。这江中的回望，引出了下面无尽的感慨和想象。
颔联诗人用了个倒句，即把结论提到前面，把前提放在后面，使句意曲折有力，富于深度。可谓“情深意远，玉溪所独”。
颈联“骨肉书题安绝徽，蕙兰蹊径失佳朝。”在颠簸的小舟上，诗人回首旧地，感叹人生，天意难料，自然亿起自己温暖的家庭。这两句紧扣上两句“轻离别”，句意曲折深婉，耐人寻味。
尾联“洞庭湖阔蛟龙恶，却羡杨朱泣路妓。”因为杨朱遇到歧路，终究是在乎平坦的陆路上。不过，诗人此时不仅仅是失路之感迫于内心，还有一种无法主宰自己命运的无可奈何的情绪。杨朱泣歧路，虽然前途未卜，尚可选择，而自己此行，只有奔往“险巇”之途，不容半点选择的余地。
纵观全诗，纪行抒怀，以颔联为中心，先叙风险波恶的江上行舟，回首旧地荆州，慨叹人生离别之苦，把握自身命运之难；进而忆及家室亲人，无限惆怅；最后把眼光投向未来，感到前途艰险，茫然无措。在排遣愁绪的同时，流露出一股自嘲情绪。全诗从头到尾，读来如舟行江中，起伏跌宕，首尾激荡，中间旋回，错落婉曲，体现了诗人独有的艺术特色。
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李纲《
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苏武令·塞上风高》
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林昭《
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绝命诗》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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