酹江月·驿中言别
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宋代]：邓剡
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水天空阔，恨东风不惜世间英物。蜀鸟吴花残照里，忍见荒城颓壁。铜雀春情，金人秋泪，此恨凭谁雪？堂堂剑气，斗牛空认奇杰。
那信江海余生，南行万里，属扁舟齐发。正为鸥盟留醉眼，细看涛生云灭。睨柱吞嬴，回旗走懿，千古冲冠发。伴人无寐，秦淮应是孤月。
酹江月·驿中言别译文及注释
译文
面对水天相连的长江，我真恨老天不肯帮忙，竟让元军打败了我们。春天来了，杜鹃鸟在哀啼，夕阳斜照着花朵，可是我怎么忍心去看被元军摧毁了的南京城呵。想到我们的妇女和珍贵文物被敌人掳掠一空，连我自己也当了俘虏，真不知道靠谁才能报仇。我是多么的痛悔，可惜了我的那把宝剑，它还以为我是个豪杰呢。
回想不久以前，为了抗击元军，我曾经摆脱敌人严密的监视坐了小船，经过海路，到南方举起抗元的大旗。虽然后来失败被俘，但我决心要象蔺相如痛斥秦王、诸葛亮吓退司马懿那样，英勇顽强地同敌人斗争到底，保持崇高的民族气节。这样想着，我再也难以入睡。周围是那么寂静，只有秦淮何上的孤月，在默默地陪伴着我啊。
注释
金人：谓魏明帝迁铜人、承露盘等汉时旧物，铜人潸然泪下之事。
堂堂剑气：指灵剑奇气，上冲斗牛，得水化龙事。
斗牛：二十八宿之斗、牛二宿也。斗音抖，南斗，非北斗七星之谓也。二十八宿，亦称“二十八舍”、“二十八星”。古天象家以黄道带与赤道带两侧绕天一周，选二十八星为观测所用标志，即“二十八宿”。二十八宿均分为四组，每组七宿，东西南北四方及苍龙、白虎、朱雀、玄武四兽配之，谓“四象”。二十八宿自北斗斗柄所指之角宿始，自西向东分列如下，东方苍龙者，角、亢、氏、房、心、尾、箕也；北方玄武者，斗、牛、女、虚、危、室、壁也；西方白虎者，奎、娄、胃、昴、毕、觜、参也；南方朱雀者，井、鬼、柳、星、张、翼、轸也。玄武，龟蛇也。
睨柱吞嬴：谓战国蔺相如使秦完璧归赵故事。
回旗走懿：谓诸葛亮遗计吓退司马懿事。
酹江月·驿中言别创作背景
邓剡和文天祥是同乡好友。1278年，文天祥抗元兵败，被俘为虏。次年邓剡拘押在一地，又一同被押解北上元都。到金陵时，邓剡因病留下，文天祥继续北上。临别之际，感触良多。邓剡作词赠天祥，为好友壮行。词中融汇亡国之痛和别友之情，将历史的一瞬，定格在这样一种镜头。
酹江月·驿中言别鉴赏
（文天祥创作说）
这首词在艺术表现上，为了把复杂的思想感情浓缩在精炼的语言之中，文天祥较多地借用了典故和前人诗歌的意境。
开头三句回忆抗元斗争的失败。这里借用了三国周瑜在赤壁之战中火烧曹操船队的典故。据说那次正好碰上东南风，仿佛老天有意帮助周瑜成功一般。可是南宋军队凭借长江天险却未能抵挡住元军，又仿佛老天不肯帮忙似的。“水天空阔”写长江水面宽阔，本来正是阻挡敌人的有利条件。“不借”，不肯帮助。“英物”，英雄人物，这里指抗元将士。
“蜀鸟吴花残照里”到“此恨凭谁雪”，写这次途经金陵时所见。“蜀鸟”指子规，也就是杜鹃鸟，相传它是蜀国望帝死后变化成的，啼声凄厉。“吴花”指吴地的花草，三国时金陵是吴的国都。“残照”指夕阳的照射。“铜雀春情”是化用唐人杜牧的两句诗：“东风不与周郎便，铜雀春深锁二乔。”意思是赤壁之战要不是东南风帮了周瑜的忙，那么曹操的军队早就打过了长江，把乔家两姊妹（孙策及周瑜的妻子）掳去关在曹操造的有名的铜雀台里了。杜牧的诗只是一种假设。但南宋灭亡时宫中嫔妃确实遭到元军掳掠，所以文天祥用“铜雀春情”来指这件史实。“金人秋泪”，汉武帝曾在长安的宫中用铜铸造了一个重千斤的仙人，也叫金人，汉亡以后魏明帝曾派人到长安去搬取这个铜人，据说铜人不愿离开故土，竟流下眼泪来。这里借指南宋灭亡后珍贵文物被元军劫掠一空。总之，文天祥这次经过金陵，满眼都是金人破坏后的残破景象，使他心中充满了仇恨。但他又痛苦地想到：自己已经被俘，很难再重整旗鼓，仇恨和耻辱无法被洗刷。
“堂堂剑气”两句是懊恨自己的失败。古人传说好的宝剑，有精气上通于天。“斗牛”指北斗星和牵牛星。“空认奇杰”，白白地认我为英雄。这两句是说自己所佩的宝剑倒是把好剑，剑气上冲斗牛，可惜自己已经落入敌手，辜负了这口把自己当作英杰的好剑。
“那信江海余生”以下三句，是记一二七六年他从镇江摆脱元兵监视，经海路南逃的事。“江海余生，南行万里”，是说他那次先逃到通州（今江苏南通市），然后乘小船（扁舟）出海继续南行。“余生”等于说幸存的生命。“鸥盟”原指与海鸥交朋友，这里借指抗元战友。“醉眼”原指喝醉酒看东西，“留醉眼”是深情地看的意思。“涛生云灭”指战局的风云变幻。这两句说明他之所以南行万里是为了寻找战友共举抗元大业。“睨柱吞嬴”以下三句用了两个典故。“睨柱吞嬴”用蔺相如的故事。战国时代，秦王提出用十五个城池换取赵国的美玉和氏璧，蔺相如奉赵王之命送璧到秦国，看到秦王没有用十五城来换璧的诚意，就拿着和氏璧怒发冲冠地倚柱而立，警告秦王说：如要夺璧，宁可将璧在柱子上击碎！秦王不敢强夺。“睨柱”就是眼睛斜盯住柱子看的意思。“吞嬴”是说蔺相如怒气冲天象要吞掉秦王似的。“回旗走懿”，是用三国有关诸葛亮的故事。诸葛亮死于军中，司马懿领军来追，蜀军突然回师（回旗），竟把司马懿吓退。文天祥用这两个典故表示自己大义凛然，不畏强敌，就是死了也决不放过敌人。“千古冲冠发”，是讲千百年前，蔺相如怒发冲冠警告秦王的事。
最后两句回到现实，意思是说上面讲的那一切都已成为过去，眼前他被拘留在金陵的驿馆，只有秦淮河上的孤月伴着他这个无法入眠的人。秦淮河，是流经金陵的一条河。这两句表明，现实虽然是如此残酷，但顽强的斗争的精神却仍使作者激动不已。
（邓剡创作说）
亡国之痛是此词上片的主旋律，“水天空阔，恨东风不惜世间英物”，感叹金陵的水阔天空。“世间英物”，指的是文天祥。面对长江，不禁令人心思神往：长江险阻，能拒曹兵，为何不能拒元兵。英雄没有天的帮助，只能遭人怜惜。“东风”如此不公平，可恨之极。这两句，凌空而来，磅礴的气势之中，蕴含着无限悲痛。随即引出许多感叹。“蜀鸟吴花残照里，忍见荒城颓壁”，写金陵城中残垣断壁的惨象。“蜀鸟”，指产于四川的杜鹃鸟，相传为蜀亡国之君杜宇的灵魂托身。在残阳夕照中听到这种鸟的叫声，令人顿觉特别感到凄切。“吴花”，即曾生长在吴国宫中的花，现在在残阳中开放，有过亡国之苦，好像也蒙上了一层惨淡的色彩。凄惨的景象，使人不忍目睹；蜀鸟的叫声，更叫人耳不忍闻。
“铜雀春情，金人秋泪，此恨凭谁雪？”，杜牧曾写有“东风不与周郎便，铜雀春深锁二乔”的诗句，这本是一个大胆的历史的假设，现在居然成了现实。借历史故事，描写江山易主的悲哀。三年前元军已把谢、全二太后掳去。“金人秋泪”典出自魏明帝时，曾派人到长安把汉朝建章宫前的铜人搬至洛阳，传说铜人在被拆卸时流下了眼泪。但宋朝亡国，国亡数被迁移，此恨难消。“堂堂剑气，斗牛空认奇杰”，宝剑是力量的象征，奇杰是胆略的化身，所向披靡。可如今，却空有精气上冲斗牛的宝剑和文天祥这样的人物。对文天祥的失败，惋惜之情，溢于言表。
词的上片情景交融。金陵风物是历代词人咏叹颇多的。但此词把其作为感情的附着物融入感情之中，别有一番风韵。蜀鸟、吴花、残垣断壁，是一种惨象，但表现了作者复杂的情感。
下片主要写情，表达对文天祥的倾慕、期望和惜别之情。“那信江海余生，南行万里，属扁舟齐发。”颂扬文天祥与元人作斗争的胆略与勇气。几年前文天祥被元军扣留，乘机逃脱，绕道海上，历尽千辛万苦回到南方。正为“鸥盟留醉眼，细看涛生云灭”。
邓剡前面跳海未死，这次又病而求医，为的是“留醉眼”，等文天祥东山再起，再起复宋大业。“睨柱吞嬴，回旗走懿，千古冲冠发”，“睨柱吞嬴”，赵国丞相蔺相如身立秦庭，持璧睨柱，气吞秦王的那种气魄：“回旗走懿”指的是蜀国丞相诸葛亮死了以后还能把司马懿吓退的那种威严。用典故写出对文天祥的期望之情。这自然是赞许，也是期望。“伴人无寐，秦淮应是孤月。”最后再转到惜别上来，孤月意喻好友的分离、各人将形单影只了。作者虽然因病不能随之北上，但将在一个又一个的不眠之夜中为友人祈盼。这句话虽然普遍，但朋友之情，家国之悲深蕴其中。
这词在艺术上的特色除了写情写景较为融洽之外，还用典颇多。借历史人物，抒发自己胸臆。各种历史人物都已出现，较好地完成了形象塑造。这阕词用东坡居士词原韵，难度极大，但仍写得气冲斗牛，感人肺腑，是因为这其中蕴含着真情。
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刘禹锡《
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视刀环歌》
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林则徐《
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赴戍登程口占示家人二首》
邓剡简介
唐代·邓剡的简介
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邓剡（1232-1303），字光荐，又字中甫，号中斋。庐陵人（今江西省吉安县永阳镇邓家村）。南宋末年爱国诗人、词作家，第一个为文天祥作传的人。他与文天祥、刘辰翁是白鹭洲书院的同学。
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庄浪趋张掖
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清代：
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许孙荃
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酒泉张掖近天山，大漠风云指顾间。莫道行边人万里，最西还有玉门关。
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送赵清臣宰姚江
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楼钥
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玉立君家好弟兄，蓝田风采照花城。
版舆寿母人间盛，千里何曾去送迎。
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姑苏馆上元前一夕陪使客观灯之集
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宋代：
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杨万里
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节物催人又一年，银花莲炬照金尊。
麝鎚官样陪公讌，粉茧卿风忆故园。
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长信草
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清代：
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宋徵舆
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青青长信草，无意学逢迎。不厌凄凉地，春来还自生。
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赠瀚侄 其一
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吴俨
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白屋无遗业，青年自立家。众皆称汝俭，我独恶人奢。
客到惟供茗，春来不种花。有田仍负郭，著意树桑麻。
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惠山寺与子羽话别
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明代：
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华察
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看山不觉暝，月出禅林幽。
夜静见空色，身闲忘去留。