暮秋独游曲江
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唐代]：李商隐
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暮秋独游曲江译文及注释
译文
荷叶初生时，春恨已生。
荷叶枯时，秋恨又成。
深深知道，只要身在人世，情意地久天长永存。
多少惆怅，只有那流不尽的江水声。
注释
曲江：即曲江池。在今陕西省西安市东南。唐高适《同薛司直诸公秋霁曲江俯见南山作》诗：“南山郁初霁，曲江湛不流。”
春恨：犹春愁，春怨。唐杨炯《梅花落》诗：“行人断消息，春恨几徘徊。”生：一作“起”。
深知：十分了解。汉扬雄《法言·问道》：“深知器械舟车宫室之为，则礼由己。”
怅望：惆怅地看望或想望。唐杜甫《咏怀古迹五首》之二：“怅望千秋一洒泪，萧条异代不同时。”
参考资料：
1、陈永正 ．李商隐诗选译 ．成都 ：巴蜀书社 ，1991 ：222-223 ．
暮秋独游曲江创作背景
李商隐妻子王氏于唐宣宗大中五年（851）秋病故。大中十年（856）冬，柳仲郢被命入朝，李商隐随柳氏返京。第二年春上抵达长安。《冯谱》谓其“似十一年春初方还京”，是也。大中十二年（858）春，李商隐已病殁于郑州。由此推之，此篇当为李商隐大中十一年（857）秋暮独游曲江之作。
暮秋独游曲江鉴赏
刘熙载《艺概·诗概》独推李商隐诗“深情绵邈”，这首悼念所爱者的小诗便是一篇很有代表性的佳作。
这首七绝虽都是律句，但句与句之间不尽符合粘对规则。作者故意让一二句之间不对，二三句之间不粘，并采用其独擅的字句重用的手法来叙事抒情。冯浩赞此“调古情深”，正说出了这首以律句所写的古绝，声调感怆悲凉，情思缠绵哀痛的特点。
“荷叶生时春恨生，荷叶枯时秋恨成”，诗一开头就用缓慢沉重的语气喃喃诉说起作者内心的憾恨。上、下句七字中有四字重复，类似的字句重用令人想起其七绝名篇《夜雨寄北》中关于“巴山夜雨”的吟咏，读来自有回环往复、似直而纡的情韵。这两句赋中寓比，把无情的曲江荷叶化为有情之物，仿佛荷叶的春生、秋枯都与诗人的哀思有关。句中春生、秋枯，恨生、恨成映衬对比，更丰富了诗的内涵。这样，诗的前半从语气、字句、修辞、写法诸方面无不恰到好处地表达出悼亡的沉痛感情。类斯情事在义山的悼亡诗中颇有可印证者，取以参读有助于对此诗内容旨意的理解。《房中曲》云：“忆得前年春，未语含悲辛。”大中三年（849）春，王氏已患病。时义山因府主郑亚被贬，罢桂管幕职落魄返京。夫妻久别重逢，无语凝噎。了解义山长年飘泊，依人作游的经历，自会对其诗中“春恨生”的含意有较具体切实的理解。第二年，诗人为生计所迫，又不得不奔波千里，到徐州卢弘止幕府。《房中曲》又云：“归来已不见，锦瑟长于人。”大中五年（851）春，义山徐幕罢归，补太学博士，在京与爱妻一起度过最后几个月的光阴。不幸王氏于秋天病殁。“柿叶翻时独悼亡”、“秋霖腹疾俱难遣，万里西风夜正长”这些悼亡诗名句，正可说明其“秋恨成”所指为何。“人世死前惟有别”，义山伉俪情深，却为着仕途生计夫妻常常在分离中，王氏遽尔病逝，这给诗人留下多大的憾恨。只有知人论世，才能比较确切地把握其中叙事抒情的内容。
“深知身在情长在”一句无限凄惋，将前两句所蕴含的绵绵深情推向无以复加的诗境。如此一往情深的悼亡语，正如其作于东川的《属疾》诗所云：“多情真命薄，容易即回肠。”他也只不过暂存人世，最为伤心的是常常触绪成悲，哀思难禁。不过，这一句显得更为沉痛哀绝，唯《无题》诗中“春蚕到死丝方尽，蜡炬成灰泪始干”的至情之语可以仿佛。诗情亦由此臻于极至的境界。
前三句是至情语，结句则新境再展，转用婉曲语作收。又值幕秋之时，衰病垂幕的李商隐独游曲江，闻声起哀，触景伤情。“怅望江头江水声”，他似乎在怅望水声，而不是在听水声。表面的视、听错乱，深刻地反映了他内心的怅恨茫然。通感所谓声入心通，这里正说明其听觉、视觉、感觉的交融沟通。诗人所视、所听并不真切，唯是思潮翻腾，哀痛难忍。曲江流水引起他前尘如梦的回忆，往事难追的怅恨，逝者如斯的叹息。诗戛然而止，却如曲江流水有悠悠不尽之势。
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李清照《
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诉衷情·夜来沉醉卸妆迟》
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张孝祥《
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转调二郎神·闷来弹鹊》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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明代：
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于慎行
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闻道君王忆月卿，徵书蚤晚到山城。可知昨夜东风起，碧玉峰头鹤梦惊。