踏歌词四首·其一
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唐代]：刘禹锡
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春江月出大堤平，堤上女郎连袂行。
唱尽新词欢不见，红霞映树鹧鸪鸣。
踏歌词四首·其一译文及注释
译文
春江月出大堤坦平，堤上女郎牵手前行。
唱尽新词情郎不见，红霞映树鹧鸪啼鸣。
注释
连袂（mèi）：犹联袂。晋葛洪《抱朴子·疾谬》：“携手连袂，以遨以集。”袂：指衣袖。
欢：古时女子对所爱男子的爱称。
映：《乐府》作“影”。鹧鸪（zhègū）：鸟名。为中国南方留鸟。古人谐其鸣声为“行不得也哥哥”，诗文中常用以表示思念故乡。
踏歌词四首·其一鉴赏
民歌中，情歌一类数量很多。它不仅有较高的审美娱乐价值，而且也起到实际的爱情桥梁的作用。在我国西南民间，对歌的风俗自古很盛。刘禹锡谪居巴楚间的诗作中就有这种民俗的描写，这首《踏歌词》就是。踏歌是不用伴奏、踏地以为节拍的徒歌，是民歌的一种唱法。刘禹锡居夔州时创作了《踏歌词四首》，这是第一首。
开篇以景起兴。春江水涨，几乎平堤。尤其在月下，堤面和江面都明晃晃连成一片，更给人水与堤平的感觉。“大堤平”三字，不仅写出江水上涨，大堤平宽，还写出月色的皎洁。就在这样的春江花月夜，堤上走着成队的“女郎”。她们都是生在村野的民间姑娘，是趁月圆之夜“踏歌”来的。她们初来的情态是彼此偎靠连袂而行，既兴奋，又含几分娇羞。一二句写“春江月出”，是暮色；三四句写到“红霞映树”，是拂晓，其间有较长的时间跨度，省略了一些情事。从三句的“唱尽新词”和“欢”等字样看，省去的正是“新词宛转递相传”的对歌的情景。民间对歌，词儿大多是即兴新编，言为心声，所以是“新词”。“欢”则是女方所悦的男子，即对歌的另一方。歌声一起，姑娘们最初的娇羞立即被赶跑了，到后来，新词唱尽，便与所欢相就。所以同组第三首《踏歌词·新词宛转递相传》就写道：“月落乌啼云雨（指男女私情）散，游童陌上拾花钿。”在这样美丽的夜晚并非十全十美，有人找到情侣，同时也有人找不到。三四句正是这样一个特写的镜头。它表现的并不是全部的女郎而是其中的某一个。在别人都凭歌声为媒介而会到自己所“欢”的时候，她却是“唱尽新词欢不见”，尝到了失望的滋味。但她仍旧怀着希望，一直等到“红霞映树”的早晨。小伙子最后是否来了，“鹧鸪鸣”声似乎有所暗示。然而终究是个谜，有两种猜法。鹧鸪雄雌和鸣，也许暗示姑娘终于等到了自己的心上人。但也可以是相反，这双双鸟儿和鸣之声反衬出她的烦恼。不光这结尾有些扑朔迷离，第三句省略的主词也有解作女郎全体的。从而这就成了一个很离奇的夜晚——小伙子们都没有来，姑娘们都有些不堪。总之，由于使用了省略和暗示的语言，使得此诗意境灵活，不易确指。但有一点可以肯定，这诗写出了妙龄中的女郎对爱情失望而有所期待的心情。
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鱼玄机《
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闻李端公垂钓回寄赠》
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元好问《
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摸鱼儿·问莲根有丝多少》
刘禹锡简介
唐代·刘禹锡的简介
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刘禹锡（772－842），字梦得，汉族，中国唐朝彭城（今徐州）人，祖籍洛阳，唐朝文学家，哲学家，自称是汉中山靖王后裔，曾任监察御史，是王叔文政治改革集团的一员。唐代中晚期著名诗人，有“诗豪”之称。他的家庭是一个世代以儒学相传的书香门第。政治上主张革新，是王叔文派政治革新活动的中心人物之一。后来永贞革新失败被贬为朗州司马（今湖南常德）。据湖南常德历史学家、收藏家周新国先生考证刘禹锡被贬为朗州司马其间写了著名的“汉寿城春望”。
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