登楼寄王卿
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唐代]：韦应物
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踏阁攀林恨不同，楚云沧海思无穷。
数家砧杵秋山下，一郡荆榛寒雨中。
登楼寄王卿译文及注释
译文
登上楼阁观景，攀上丛林览胜，只恨当年和我一起携手登楼，相约上山的王卿已经远去多时，景同而人已无。
面对着苍茫天空，滔滔大海，引起我无限情思。秋风吹拂的山下，传来断断续续的砧杵声。极目远眺，荆榛树丛莽莽一片，一望无际，几乎塞满了全郡的每一处。
注释
楼：指滁州北楼。
王卿：诗人的朋友。卿：是对人的尊称或朋友间的亲切称呼。
阁：险峻处架木通行的小路。
恨不同：恨不能共同踏阁。
楚云沧海：指诗人在楚地，而王卿在海滨。
数家：极言人烟寥落。
砧（zhēn）杵（chǔ）：捣衣所用的工具。这里是砧杵声，指代秋声。
参考资料：
1、姬沈育选注 ．大唐诗作 ：中国社会出版社 ，2005.07 ：第174页
登楼寄王卿创作背景
诗人与王卿以前常一同攀林登山，赋诗抒怀，后来南北一方，诗人对他非常挂念。一个天高气爽的秋日，诗人独自攀山登楼，目睹四野一片荒凉景象，感慨万千，不由想起以往与王卿一同登高望远的情景，于是下了这首七绝。
参考资料：
1、林力 肖剑主编．唐诗鉴赏大典 （上、中、下册） ：长征出版社 ，1999年11月第1版 ：第870-871页
登楼寄王卿鉴赏
开头两句开门见山，将离愁别恨和盘托出，而在用笔上，却又有委婉曲折之妙。一、二两句采用的都是节奏比较和缓的“二二三”的句式：“踏阁—攀林—恨不同，楚云—沧海—思无穷”。在这里，意义单位与音韵单位是完全一致的，每句七个字，一波而三折，节奏上较之三、四句的“四三”句式，“数家砧杵—秋山下，一郡荆榛——寒雨中”，显然有缓急的不同。句中的自对，也使这两句的节奏变得徐缓。“踏阁”与“攀林”，“楚云”与“沧海”，分别在句中形成自对。朗读或默诵时，在对偶成分之间自然要有略长的停顿，使整个七字句进一步显得从容不迫。所以，尽管诗人的感情是强烈的，而在表现上却又不是一泻无余的，它流荡在舒徐的节律之中，给读者以离恨绵绵、愁思茫茫的感觉。
三、四句承一、二句而来，是“恨不同”与“思无穷”的形象的展示。在前两句中，诗人用充满感情的声音歌唱；到这后两句，写法顿变，用似乎冷漠的笔调随意点染了一幅烟雨茫茫的图画。粗粗看去，不免感到突兀费解；细细想来，又觉得惟有这释写，才静隋真景切、恰到好处地表现出登楼怀友这一主题。
第三句秋风里传来“数家”零零落落的砧杵声，表现了五代南唐李煜《捣练子》“断续寒砧断续风”的意境。“秋山下”，点明节令并交代“数家砧杵”的地点。“秋山”的景色也是萧索的。全句主要写听觉，同时也是诗人见到的颇为冷清的秋景的一角。最后一句着重写极目远望所见的景象。用“一郡”形容“荆榛”，几乎塞满了全郡。而“寒雨中”三字，又给“一郡荆榛”平添了一道雨丝织成的垂帘，使整个画面越发显得迷离恍惚。这一句主要诉诸视觉，而在画外还同时响着不断滴落的雨声。
三、四两句写景，字字不离诗人的所见所闻，正好切合诗题中的“登楼”。然而，诗人又不只是在单纯地写景。砧杵声在诗词中往往是和离情连在一起的，正是这种凄凉的声音震动了他的心弦，激起了他难耐的孤寂之感与对故人的思念之情。秋风秋雨愁煞人，诗人又仿佛从迷迷潆漾的雨中荆榛的画面上，看到了自己离恨别绪引起的无边的惆怅迷惘的具体形象。因而。进入诗中的“砧杵”“荆榛”“寒雨”，是渗透了诗人思想感情的艺术形象，是他用自己的怨别伤离之情开凿出来的艺术境界。所以，三、四句虽然字字作景语，实际上却又字字是情语；字字不离眼前的实景，而又字字紧扣住诗人的心境。
这首诗在艺术上的最大特色是采用虚实相生的写法。一、二句直抒，用的是虚笔；三、四句写景，用的是实笔。二者相映成趣，相得益彰。虚笔概括了对友人的无穷思念．为全诗定下了抒写离情的调子。在这两句的映照下，后面以景寓情的句子才不致被误认为单纯的写景。景中之情虽然含蓄，却并不隐晦。实笔具体写出对友人的思念，使作品具有形象的感染力，耐人寻味，又使前两句泛写的感情得以落实并得到加强。虚实并用，使通篇既明朗又不乏含蓄之致，既高度概括又形象、生动。
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苏轼《
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行香子·与泗守过南山晚归作》
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谢朓《
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暂使下都夜发新林至京邑赠西府同》
韦应物简介
唐代·韦应物的简介
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韦应物（737～792），中国唐代诗人。汉族，长安(今陕西西安)人。今传有10卷本《韦江州集》、两卷本《韦苏州诗集》、10卷本《韦苏州集》。散文仅存一篇。因出任过苏州刺史，世称“韦苏州”。诗风恬淡高远，以善于写景和描写隐逸生活著称。
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