东楼
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唐代]：杜甫
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万里流沙道，西征过北门。
但添新战骨，不返旧征魂。
楼角临风迥，城阴带水昏。
传声看驿使，送节向河源。
东楼译文及注释
译文
走上那万里迢迢的沙漠之路，西行的人们都要经过这座城门。
一次次的出征啊，只是增添着新死者的尸骨，却不见旧死者返回灵魂。
楼的檐角凌风翘起，多么高寒；城的阴面靠近渭水，一片昏暗。
城门下又有驿使喧呼而过，该是西行远途与吐蕃和谈。
注释
东楼：在秦州城。
流沙：沙漠。指吐蕃所居之地。
但：只。
征魂：指出征战士的灵魂。
凌风迥（jiǒng）：高高地迎风凌空而起。
昏：昏暗。
声；这里指驿使的传呼声。
驿使：信使，出往外域的使节。
节：使节。
参考资料：
1、韩成武 张志民．《杜甫诗全译》：河北人民出版社，1997年10月第1版：279-280
2、李济阻 王德全 刘秉臣．《杜甫陇右诗注析》：甘肃人民出版社，1985年03月第1版：158-159
东楼创作背景
这首诗是杜甫于乾元二年（759）秋冬之际登秦州城东楼所作，东楼的位置在秦州城东门上，因此东来西往的人，都必须从这座楼下经过。诗人抓住东楼的这一特点，从对过此楼而西的将士、使节命运的关切中，表达诗人对战争的忧虑。
参考资料：
1、韩成武 张志民．《杜甫诗全译》：河北人民出版社，1997年10月第1版：279-280
2、李济阻 王德全 刘秉臣．《杜甫陇右诗注析》：甘肃人民出版社，1985年03月第1版：158-159
东楼鉴赏
首联这两句写东楼的位置，是全诗关键所在。正因为西行去万里流沙道者必须经过此门，所以东楼这一普通建筑，才与历史、现实、战争、使节联系在一起。诗人登楼远视俯瞰，战士们从东楼出发踏上征途，路途遥远而艰辛，也反映了战争的艰苦。
颔联这两句写战争、写过去。“新战骨”说“但添”，“旧征魂”说“不返”，可见将士有去无回，而且即使死了也于事无补。此二句写得十分悲惨。多年的征战，使得无数将士献身沙场，横尸荒野，何曾见到他们魂返故园？而今战场又添新战骨，更叫人感到凄凉冷落。这两句烘托出战争的残酷至极，表明了诗人对出征在外的战士的担忧和对战争的不满和愤慨。
颈联承接首联仍然写楼，不同的是首联只写了东楼的位置，描绘的是远景，这两句却写到了东楼的本身，描绘的是近景。“楼角临风迥”，这句写“楼角”，高昂凌风，是多么的高寒；“城阴带水昏”，这句写“城阴”，城的阴面靠近渭水，低下阴森，一片昏暗，两者构成一幅对比强烈的画面，让人感觉战乱的凄惨。这两句描写在沧桑变幻城头依旧的背后，令人觉得这座东楼既是历史的见证，照应了颔联对战争的感慨，又是生死莫测的不幸之门，从而引起了尾联——使节出国和谈，但是战争的最终结果却是不能预料。
尾联承接颈联，再写人事。前两句写的是历史上的战争，这两句写的是现实的使节；前两句虚摹，这两句实写。这几句有一点是共同的，那就是过去的将士多半是有去无回，而现在的使节频繁派出，对即将爆发的战争依旧没有遏制作用，不久以后仍将有大批将士如往日一样，去作战送死，表现了战争的无情。
这首诗是杜甫的后期作品，诗人按照从远到近的方位顺序，描绘了在秦州城东楼的所见所闻，表达了诗人对战争的忧虑，对将士的担忧之情。
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庚戌岁九月中于西田获早稻》
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李商隐《
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安定城楼》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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