登洛阳故城
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唐代]：许浑
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禾黍离离半野蒿，昔人城此岂知劳？
水声东去市朝变，山势北来宫殿高。
鸦噪暮云归古堞，雁迷寒雨下空壕。
可怜缑岭登仙子，犹自吹笙醉碧桃。
登洛阳故城译文及注释
译文
禾黍成行地上半是野蒿，古人修此城哪顾上辛劳。
洛水东去街市随之改变，邙山北来残存宫殿高高。
暮云中寒鸦鼓噪落墙上，寒雨下大雁迷途躲空壕。
可惜缑岭成仙的太子晋，还在吹笙醉心于碧仙桃。
注释
禾黍（shǔ）离离：从《诗经·王风·黍离》篇开首的“彼黍离离”一句脱化而来。原诗按传统解说，写周王室东迁后故都的倾覆，藉以寄托亡国的哀思。这里加以化用，也暗含对过去王朝兴灭更替的追思。黍：糜子。子实去皮后为黄米。有黏性，可以酿酒、做糕饼。离离：庄稼一行行排列的样子。蒿（hāo）：一种野草，此处泛指野草。
劳：辛劳。
市朝：争名夺利的场所。
山势：指北山。
堞（dié）：城上小墙，即女墙。
壕（háo）：城下小池。
缑（gōu）岭：即缑氏山，在今河南偃师东南。多指修道成仙之处。
笙（shēng）：一种乐器。碧桃：原指传说中西王母给汉武帝的仙桃。此指传说中仙人吃的仙果。
参考资料：
1、张国举．唐诗精华注译评．长春：长春出版社，2010：655-656
2、袁运．唐宋名诗新译（下）．海口：南海出版公司，1992：399
3、孙建军 陈彦田．全唐诗选注．北京：线装书局，2002：3744
4、施议对．唐诗一百首．长沙：岳麓书社，2011：174-175
登洛阳故城创作背景
许浑少年时学习刻苦，劳累过度，身体清瘦虚弱，常常卧床不起。但他却喜爱旅游，陶醉于祖国的大好山河之中，登高怀古。他来到洛阳后，便急不可耐地登临洛阳城。诗人登高远眺，思绪万千，提笔写来了《登洛阳故城》一诗。
参考资料：
1、贺新辉．全唐诗鉴赏辞典 第十卷（重排版）．北京：中国妇女出版社，2004：1994
登洛阳故城鉴赏
洛阳，是有名的古城，东汉、曹魏、西晋、北魏曾建都于此。隋炀帝时，在旧城以西十八里营建新城，武则天时又加扩展，成为唐代的东都，而旧城由此芜废。许浑这首诗是凭吊故城感怀。
诗的开头以“禾黍离离半野蒿”，直落登城所见，满目荒凉残破，昔日华丽雄伟的宫殿已荡然无存。诗人正是通过眼前景物的描写，托出“故”字，把昔日之兴盛与今日之凄凉作尖锐地艺术对比，从而引出“昔人城此岂知劳”的无限感慨。历史上的统治者为了自己的奢华享乐，役使千千万万的劳力建起了洛阳宫殿和城池，而今却已倾圮残毁。在这里，诗以“岂止”构成反诘，表达了对统治者的愤怒批判和无情嘲讽。
颔联承上作深入描写以“市朝变”与“水声东去”、“宫殿高”与“山势北来”做鲜明对比，并照应首联，揭示权贵之不能长存，表达诗人登城凭吊之情。
颈联更写出了故城的荒凉冷落。“鸦噪”说明这里凄清，人迹罕至；“雁迷”，说明这里似乎早已被人们遗忘。一幅鸦噪图，一幅雁迷图，给全诗笼上了一层悲剧色彩。写景逼真，细节处处传神，以不懂人事的鸦、雁，反映人事的变化，显得深刻有力。
尾联承上以反折作收，富贵之不得长存，人生之过于短暂，这使诗人痛苦、感慨，从而产生羡慕神仙的思想，但诗人却反说“可怜”，正说明诗人认为虚妄的神仙故事也不能解决现实的矛盾，不能解决思想上的苦恼，故用“可怜”的反言以见意，表达了他这种怀古伤今的感慨的深沉与无限的悲伤。
诗的首句“禾黍离离”，《<诗经>黍离》开首的“彼黍离离”化用而来的，暗含对过去王朝兴灭更替的追思。第二联表达对这座由劳苦百姓辛苦修建，却终遭废毁的城市的痛惜之情。“水声东去”既是写实景（故洛城紧靠着洛水北岸），又是双关寓意。诗人由脚下奔流向东的洛水，生发出光阴流逝，人世沧桑的感慨。尾联借用典故慨叹世人不能像太子普那样逍遥自在地超脱于尘世变迁之外。
全诗主要通过洛阳看到的荒凉残破的景象，借古喻今，抒发自己对当时政治形势的关怀和殷忧，对那些脑满肠肥无所用心的达官贵人以及浪荡公子等醉生梦死之徒，充满了愤懑和鄙弃之情。吴汝纶曰：“末刺贵游不知时变，但解行乐也”窥破了诗人的用意。
由于许浑生活的时代是封建王朝由鼎盛转向衰落的转折，且作为时代的一份子又无力挽救这历史的遗恨，他追抚山河陈迹，俯仰今古兴废，苍莽历落，感慨深沉，所以此诗盈溢着浓浓的失落感和幻灭感。此篇起得苍凉，接得开阔，对偶工整，句法圆活，在其怀古诗中亦称名作。可惜的是后半篇比较薄弱。颈联虽然刻画工细，但未能翻出新意，缺少转折波澜之势。结尾更落入俗套，调子也嫌低沉无力。全诗没有李白的豪放，也没有杜甫的深沉，却有一份浓浓的凝重以及万重无奈的思绪下想让历史的车轮逆转来找回昔日盛景的希冀。但许浑的幻灭感在那个时代，那个环境也是情有可原的。
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张养浩《
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登泰山》
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吴文英《
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水调歌头·赋魏方泉望湖楼》
许浑简介
唐代·许浑的简介
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许浑（约791～约858），字用晦（一作仲晦），唐代诗人，润州丹阳（今江苏丹阳）人。晚唐最具影响力的诗人之一，其一生不作古诗，专攻律体；题材以怀古、田园诗为佳，艺术则以偶对整密、诗律纯熟为特色。唯诗中多描写水、雨之景，后人拟之与诗圣杜甫齐名，并以“许浑千首诗，杜甫一生愁”评价之。成年后移家京口(今江苏镇江)丁卯涧，以丁卯名其诗集，后人因称“许丁卯”。许诗误入杜牧集者甚多。代表作有《咸阳城东楼》。
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呜呼，许公仁者非神仙。代民纳税法外意，后之继者难为贤。
瘗金偿赋讳施与，诧为黄白毋乃颠。医师之外设方相，周礼广立仁政篇。
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秋虫
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清代：
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成鹫
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也有凄清意，不知鸣向谁。秋声愁并入，宵枕听还疑。
感物成吾老，卑栖宁尔为。相思何处所，泥壁破柴篱。