凤衔杯·追悔当初孤深愿
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宋代]：柳永
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追悔当初孤深愿。经年价、两成幽怨。任越水吴山，似屏如障堪游玩。奈独自、慵抬眼。
赏烟花，听弦管。图欢笑、转加肠断。更时展丹青，强拈书信频频看。又争似、亲相见。
凤衔杯·追悔当初孤深愿译文及注释
译文
后悔辜负了当初深切的愿望。经过多年，两人都有愁怨郁结在心中。任凭吴越的山水仿佛屏风上的画一样美丽还可以游玩。奈何独自一人，慵懒抬眼去欣赏。
看春天的美景，听歌舞表演。只图欢笑，反而更加悲痛。更时常展开妻子的画像，勤勉地频频看书信。又怎似亲身相见。
注释
凤衔杯：词牌名，柳永自度曲，《乐章集》注“大石调”。双调六十三字，前段五句四仄韵，后段六句四仄韵。
孤：同“辜”，辜负。深愿：深切的愿望。
经年价：经过多年。价，语尾助词，无实意。
两：指夫妻双方。幽怨：郁结于心的愁恨。
任：任凭。越水吴山：越地、吴地的山山水水。越、吴，今江浙一带。
似屏如障：好像屏风上画的一样美丽。屏、障，均指屏风。堪：可以。
奈：奈何，怎奈。
慵：慵懒。
烟花：春天美景。
弦管：弦乐器和管乐器。泛指歌吹弹唱。
转加：反而更加。肠断：形容极度悲痛。干宝《搜神记》卷二十：“临川东兴，有人入山，得猿子，便将归。猿母自后逐至家。此人缚猿子于庭中树上，以示之。其母便搏颊向人，欲乞哀状，直谓口不能言耳。此人既不能放，竟击杀之，猿母悲唤，自掷而死。此人破肠视之，寸寸断裂。”
时：时常。丹青：指妻子的画像。
强：勤勉。拈：用手搓开。
争似：怎似。
参考资料：
1、叶嘉莹 等．柳永词新释辑评．北京市：中华书局，2005年1月第1版：67-69
凤衔杯·追悔当初孤深愿创作背景
词中有“经年价、两成幽怨”句，说明此词当作于柳永少年远游离京之第二年所作。“越水吴山”说明柳永远游之地是苏杭。而统观全词，可知此词乃柳永客居苏杭思念妻子之作。
参考资料：
1、薛瑞生．柳永词选．北京市：中华书局，2005年1月第1版：61-63
凤衔杯·追悔当初孤深愿鉴赏
这是一首客中怀人之作，所表现的是男女间的离别相思，其写法上的特别之处表现为，词作基本上摆脱了即景传情和因物兴感的手法，采用了直言的方式絮絮道来，语言浅白，不事含蓄。
词之开篇既不写景，也不叙事，而是抓住客中怀人心理流程中一种最强烈的感受—“悔”。非常突兀地直入“话题：“追悔当初孤深愿”。当初与所爱之人离别，辜负了她对自己的一片深情厚谊，现在回想起来真是追悔莫及。时光飞逝，纵然一个心愿深深，一个旧情萦绕，相见却遥遥无期，故曰“两成幽怨”。一“深”一“幽”两相比照，更见爱之深、怨之切。惟其如此，方引出下面的三句。“任越水吴山”三句中虽有“越山吴水、“似屏如障”的描绘，由“任”字领起，再以一句“奈独自、慵抬眼”转接，使得景物成了叙述话语的一部分，这与纯粹的景物描写或是情景交融借景抒情的写法有着很大的不同。
词的下片仍是诉说相思不得相见的愁怨。过片两句承接上片的词意，“赏烟花”三句表明词人在强自挣扎，试图在山水管弦中寻求欢笑，谁知这种努力反而增添了忧思。“更时展丹青，强拈书信频频看”。万般无奈之下，只好展开对方的来信一遍遍地观看。“时展丹青”、“强拈书信”的动作细节描写极为生动传神，表现了词人内心的愁苦和为摆脱这种愁苦的努力挣扎。“又争似、亲相见”，但是，笔墨固然可以传情，终究比不上“亲相见”。
全词紧紧围绕着一个“怨”字层层铺陈，因“怨”而哪堪那吴山越水；为解“怨”去赏美景，“听管弦”，谁知反添“肠断”；最后只好展开书信，频频观看，然而终究不如亲见，其怨又深一层了，全词只有一个怨字，但处处不离怨字，可谓善于写怨也。
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别宋常侍》
柳永简介
唐代·柳永的简介
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柳永，（约987年—约1053年）北宋著名词人，婉约派代表人物。汉族，崇安（今福建武夷山）人，原名三变，字景庄，后改名永，字耆卿，排行第七，又称柳七。宋仁宗朝进士，官至屯田员外郎，故世称柳屯田。他自称“奉旨填词柳三变”，以毕生精力作词，并以“白衣卿相”自诩。其词多描绘城市风光和歌妓生活，尤长于抒写羁旅行役之情，创作慢词独多。铺叙刻画，情景交融，语言通俗，音律谐婉，在当时流传极其广泛，人称“凡有井水饮处，皆能歌柳词”，婉约派最具代表性的人物之一，对宋词的发展有重大影响，代表作 《雨霖铃》《八声甘州》。
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