浣溪沙·消息谁传到拒霜
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清代]：纳兰性德
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消息谁传到拒霜？两行斜雁碧天长，晚秋风景倍凄凉。
银蒜押帘人寂寂，玉钗敲烛信茫茫。黄花开也近重阳。
浣溪沙·消息谁传到拒霜译文及注释
译文
究竟是谁传来消息说木芙蓉花开的时候那人就会归来？长天一色，两行大雁缓缓斜向南飞去，晚秋的景致益发凄凉。
蒜头形的银制帘坠压着帘子，有人寂寞地独坐闺中，玉钗轻轻敲着竹，而心中的人踪迹杳无，菊花又盛开了，眼看重阳就要近了。
注释
浣溪沙：唐教坊曲名，因春秋时期人西施浣纱于若耶溪而得名，后用作词牌名，又名“浣溪纱”“小庭花”等。此调有平仄两体。全词分上下两片，上片三句全用韵，下片末二句用韵，过片二句用对偶句的居多。音节明快，句式整齐，易于上口，为婉约派与豪放派多数词人所常用。
拒霜：木芙蓉花，俗称芙蓉或芙蓉花，仲秋开花，耐寒不落，故名。
银蒜：银制的蒜形帘押。
玉钗敲竹：用玉钗轻轻敲竹，表示心事难耐，借以排遣愁怀。一作“玉钗敲烛”。
参考资料：
1、王友胜，童向飞．纳兰词注：岳麓书社，2005年：第28页
2、（清）纳兰性德著．纳兰词笺注全编．天津：天津人民出版社，2013.10：64-65
浣溪沙·消息谁传到拒霜创作背景
这首词作于康熙年间。词人在重阳节到来之时，为了抒发对往日情人的思念之情，故作下此词。
参考资料：
1、墨著．此生拼却红颜醉 纳兰容若的情与词．北京：中华工商联合出版社，2014.05：107-111页
浣溪沙·消息谁传到拒霜鉴赏
从词的内容来看，这是写重阳节到来，诗人又深切地怀念起往日的GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人来了，他彷徨不安，踌躇难耐，遂赋此以排遣孤寂无聊的幽情。值得注意的是词全从对方落笔，这就加倍地表现出他那强烈而深挚的怀念之情。
这首词上片写室外秋景及心境：拒霜花开，斜燕南飞，而GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人消息杳然，无人传递，倍感秋色凄凉。此处秋景其实清爽：拒红霜，晴空碧，雁斜飞，并无黯淡之状。元代白珽《西湖赋》云：“秋荣不淡，拒霜已红。”然而木芙蓉性颇耐寒，且能“千株扫作一番黄，只有芙蓉独自芳。”（苏轼《和陈述古拒霜花》），虽时至晚秋而红艳如故。唐李群玉《九日》诗云：“半岭残阳衔树落，一行斜雁向人来。”黄昏残阳，斜雁向人，色彩昏暗，氛围悲凉；而此处则是碧空如洗，天阔气清，斜雁南飞，氛围开朗。思妇眼中之秋景乃“有我之境”：或许GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人有约中秋返家团聚，此时拒霜已开，不见人归，虽花红而难令伊人心暖；常言鸿雁传书，如今雁群斜飞未传GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人消息，虽天碧亦是伤心碧，只能令伊人心伤。因此，凄凉的并非秋色，实乃思妇心境。
下片写室内情形及愁绪：帘幕低垂，因以银蒜相压而纹丝不动，伊人寂寞难熬，只能以玉钗敲竹派遣烦愁。敲竹的细节刻画乃词人独创，此处伊人以玉钗敲竹，其声极不堪，其情更愁惨，确是奇绝之笔。结局写菊花盛开，时近重阳，GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人归期乃“信茫茫”，既与首句意象呼应，又启人联想：伊人独守闺房，心境凄凉，愁思如缕，已是“人比黄花瘦”。（李清照《醉花阴·九日》）全词景情俱到，亦情亦景，交织浑融，读起来凄凉孤苦，使人惆怅不欢。
这首词在意象使用上主要采用了渲染法，尤其是对“秋”的渲染。不知何时，思念的人在远方传来消息说秋天会回到她的身边，于是秋就超出本身作为季节的含义，成为了相见的时间，成为期盼的季节。这词中首先是“拒霜”花开，然后“两行秋雁”，后更直接说“晚秋风景”、“黄花开”以及“近重阳”，这些都在刻意点染季节。可以说这首词是通过渲染秋来突出愁，要表达的正是期待落空的愁思。
除用渲染法表达情感外，词中还恰如其分地运用了点染法，对“闲”进行了很好的点染。下片三句中人寂寞凄凉，万事无心，百无聊赖，无尽空虚，尤其是“玉钗敲烛”一句，表现的何等空虚。词中通过渲染和点染的结合，表现出客观世界的“秋”以及浅层内心世界的“闲”，从而将深层次的“凄凉”表达出来。
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王国维《
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好事近·夜起倚危楼》
纳兰性德简介
唐代·纳兰性德的简介
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纳兰性德（1655－1685），满洲人，字容若，号楞伽山人，清代最著名词人之一。其诗词“纳兰词”在清代以至整个中国词坛上都享有很高的声誉，在中国文学史上也占有光采夺目的一席。他生活于满汉融合时期，其贵族家庭兴衰具有关联于王朝国事的典型性。虽侍从帝王，却向往经历平淡。特殊的生活环境背景，加之个人的超逸才华，使其诗词创作呈现出独特的个性和鲜明的艺术风格。流传至今的《木兰花令·拟古决绝词》——“人生若只如初见，何事秋风悲画扇？等闲变却故人心，却道故人心易变。”富于意境，是其众多代表作之一。
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