汾上惊秋
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唐代]：苏颋
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心绪逢摇落，秋声不可闻。
汾上惊秋译文及注释
译文
北风吹卷着白云使之翻滚涌动，我要渡过汾河到万里以外的地方去。
心绪伤感惆怅又逢上草木摇落凋零，我再也不愿听到这萧瑟的秋风。
注释
汾上：指汾阳县（今山西万荣南）。汾：指汾水，为黄河第二大支流。
河汾：指汾水流入黄河的一段。
心绪：此处谓愁绪纷乱。摇落：树叶凋零。
汾上惊秋创作背景
这首诗当作于唐开元十一年（723年）或十二年（724年）的秋天。开元十一年（723年）正月，唐玄宗到潞州、晋州，诗人为礼部侍郎随行，并有诗。是年冬，出为益州大都督长史。到开元十三年（725年）才又调回长安。外放的两年，是苏颋一生仕履中最感失意的时期，此诗可能就是这一两年中的一个秋天所作的。
参考资料：
1、于海娣 等 ．唐诗鉴赏大全集 ．北京 ：中国华侨出版社 ，2010 ：43-44 ．
2、萧涤非 等 ．唐诗鉴赏辞典 ．上海 ：上海辞书出版社 ，1983 ：62-63 ．
汾上惊秋鉴赏
这首五绝有兴寄，有深意，是一首颇具特色的即兴咏史诗。它采取了虚虚实实，若即若离，似明而晦，欲言而咽的表现手法来表达诗人的复杂心情。
此诗前二句化用了汉武帝《秋风辞》的诗意，首句即“秋风起兮白云飞”，次句为“泛楼船兮济河汾”，从而概括地暗示着当年汉武帝到汾阴祭后土的历史往事，并引发联想唐玄宗欲效汉武帝的作为。两者何其相似，历史仿佛重演，这意味着什么，又启示些什么，诗人并不予点破，运用了留白手段。然而题目却点出了一个“惊”字，表明诗人的思绪是受了震惊的。这不是由于个人遭遇而被震惊。就字面意思看，似乎有点像是即景自况。他在汾水上被北风一吹，一阵寒意使他惊觉到秋天来临；而他当时正处于一生最感失意的境地，出京放任外省，恰如一阵北风把他这朵白云吹得老远，来到了这汾水上。这也合乎题目标示的“汾上惊秋”。因此，前二句的含意是复杂的。总的来说，是在即景起兴中抒发着历史的联想和感慨，在关切国家的隐忧中交织着个人失意的哀愁。可谓百感交集，愁绪纷乱。
诗的后二句明确地说穿了诗人复杂纷乱的心情。“摇落”用《秋风辞》中“草木黄落”句意，又同本于宋玉《九辩》语“悲哉秋之为气也，萧瑟兮草木摇落而变衰”。这里用以指萧瑟天气，也以喻指自己暮年失意的境遇，所以说“逢”。“逢”者，愁绪又加上挫折之谓，暗示出“心绪”并非只是个人的失意。“秋声”即谓北风，其声肃杀，所以“不可闻”。听了这肃杀之声，只会使愁绪更纷乱，心情更悲伤。这就清楚地表明了前二句所蕴含的复杂心情的性质和倾向。
实际上，这诗的表现手法和抒情特点，都比较接近阮籍的《咏怀诗》。此诗的抒情形象透露出诗人有寄托，有忧虑，有感伤；但究竟为什么，是难以确切肯定的。他采用这种手法，可能是以久与政事的经验，熟悉历史的知识，意识到汉、唐两代的两个盛世皇帝之间有某种相似，仿佛受到历史的某种启示，隐约感到某种忧虑，然而他还说不清楚，也无可奈何，因此只能写出这种感觉和情绪。而恰是这一点，却构成了一种独有的艺术特点：以形象来表示，让读者去理会。
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秋登宣城谢脁北楼》
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苏颋简介
唐代·苏颋的简介
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苏颋（670年－727年），字廷硕，京兆武功（今陕西武功）人，唐代政治家、文学家，左仆射苏瑰之子。苏颋进士出身，历任乌程尉、左司御率府胄曹参军、监察御史、给事中、中书舍人、太常少卿、工部侍郎、中书侍郎，袭爵许国公，后与宋璟一同拜相，担任同平章事。苏颋是初盛唐之交时著名文士，与燕国公张说齐名，并称“燕许大手笔”。他任相四年，以礼部尚书罢相，后出任益州长史。727年（开元十五年），苏颋病逝，追赠尚书右丞相，赐谥文宪。
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