江梅
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唐代]：杜甫
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梅蕊腊前破，梅花年后多。
绝知春意好，最奈客愁何。
雪树元同色，江风亦自波。
故园不可见，巫岫郁嵯峨。
江梅创作背景
此诗作于唐代宗大历二年（767）春，时杜甫窝居夔州。诗人旅居江峡，见腊梅乍开，顿生故园之思，遂作此诗。
参考资料：
1、韩成武．杜甫诗全译：河北人民出版社，1997：896
江梅鉴赏
首联从梅蕊初绽到梅花盛开，从腊前到年后，写了时序变化，让作者似乎看到了春姗姗来迟的脚步；写了梅花的开放过程，又好似体现了诗人天天看花，关注盼望的心情。从梅花次第之中表现的是诗人盼春惜春之情。
颔联承首联写春意浓，然再好的春光春色也无法排遣“客愁”。这是见江梅而有感所写的诗，形容梅、描写春不是诗人的目的，借以抒情才是真正目的。因此仇兆鳌《杜诗详注》认为“客愁”二字，是这首诗的诗眼。越是深知春意盎然，越是对客愁无可奈何。以美景写哀情，倍增其哀。这里利用情与景的反差，造成了强烈的艺术效果。
颈联又稍一停顿，不顺势抒情而写景。梅花满树与雪同一颜色，春风拂煦，春江微波正与岸边梅花相漾发。江中波映江边梅，岸上梅逐水中波。江水岸花一派融融乐乐的春景。何义门说：“破题二句，已非‘江梅’不可。”（引自《瀛奎律髓汇评》）未免过早，“江梅”之意至此才补足。
在此大好春光之中却不能尽情享受，其中原因在尾联道出。尾联将“客愁”之意重申。春水春花，春光春色，虽然赏心悦目，但“都非故园春色，是以对巫岫而添愁耳。”（仇兆鳌《杜诗详注》）杜甫出川早有计划，刚刚听说官军收复河南河北时就有过返乡路线的草图：“即从巴峡穿巫峡，便下襄阳向洛阳。”滞留夔州实属不得已。夔州是杜甫居川的最后一站，出三峡就可北上回故园了。越是要回故乡越是思念故乡；越是不能返故乡也越发思念故乡。“丛菊两开他日泪，孤舟一系故园心。”（《秋兴八首》之一）秋思是故乡，春思也是故乡。故乡情也是爱国情，因为是动荡的时局，血腥的战争逼得他背井离乡漂泊西南。带来希望与生机的春天又来了，可是却不能见到可爱的故乡。面对巫山峰峦，更觉其高峻险恶，也更觉故乡山水可爱可亲。
这首诗一、三联相连，以景为主，二、四联相连，以情为主，既有江梅的婀娜美丽，也有作者凄凉落寞之情，很有法度。纪昀说此诗不出色，未免过苛。
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魏夫人《
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杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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