减字木兰花·荔枝
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宋代]：苏轼
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闽溪珍献。过海云帆来似箭。玉座金盘。不贡奇葩四百年。
轻红酽白。雅称佳人纤手擘。骨细肌香。恰是当年十八娘。
减字木兰花·荔枝译文及注释
译文
福建产的珍贵贡品，经海运输的船队来往快速。玉座的金盘空空也，贡到不贡荔枝的历史已有四百年了。
荔枝壳轻红、肉浓白，正适合美女的细长的手去剥开它。荔枝核仁小、果肉香，恰巧像当年的名品“十八娘”荔枝。
注释
减字木兰花：唐教坊曲，后用为词牌名，又名减兰。
荔枝：植物果实名。
闽（mǐn）溪：闽江，代指福建。珍献：珍贵贡品。云帆：言船之多也。
玉座：器物的饰玉底座。金盘：金属制成的食品盘。奇葩：珍奇的花果，这里代荔枝。四百年：从隋大业年间到宋绍圣年间约四百九十年。四百年为约数。
酽（yàn）：浓。雅称：正适合。佳人：美女。擘（bò）：分开，剖裂。
骨：核仁。十八娘：既是人名，又是荔枝名。
参考资料：
1、朱靖华，饶学刚，王文龙编著,苏轼词新释辑评 （下册）,中国书店,,第1192-1194页
2、（宋）苏轼著；石声淮，唐玲玲笺注,东坡乐府编年笺注,华中师范大学出版社,1990.07,第479页
减字木兰花·荔枝创作背景
宋哲宗绍圣二年（1095年）四月，是时，东坡被贬惠州，同地方官僚朋友游山玩水，宴饮食荔枝，见物思古，于是作下这首词。
参考资料：
1、朱靖华，饶学刚，王文龙编著,苏轼词新释辑评 （下册）,中国书店,,第1192-1194页
减字木兰花·荔枝鉴赏
上片，写荔枝贡史。“闽溪珍献，过海云帆来似箭”，叙述运输贡品荔枝的艰辛。不“珍”不能作为“献”品。皇上看中了的荔枝，就是远隔千山万水，还是得按时送到。其辛苦程度可想而知。原来运贡荔枝是从陆路，即是这样，仍然免不了遭受劳民伤财之灾，因要保鲜，不得不经由海路运输。‘“云帆”说明船如云集，多而繁忙。“似箭”说明时间快速，来往不停。然而，历史是无情的。唐代咸通七年（866年），终于停贡荔枝，使得朝廷上下“金盘”皆罄，即词人在词中所写“玉座金盘，不贡奇葩四百年”。这种贡历史的结束，标志着中国农民人权取得一大进步，值得庆贺。
下片，词人写自己现时食鲜荔枝的美昧。“轻红酽白，雅称佳人纤手擘。”历史衍进到了宋代，荔枝的命运发生了变化。谁能想象，当年皇上能见到现时“轻红酿白”的鲜荔枝，能见到现时这种“佳人纤手擘”的鲜荔枝。若不是贡荔枝史的结束，今日词人也只能望荔枝而止步，也吃不到“闽溪珍献”。正是词人在宴游会上，吃到了“佳人纤手擘”的“轻红酽白”、“凝如水晶”的鲜荔枝，他才这样兴趣昂然地赞美鲜荔枝。“骨细肌香，恰似当年十八娘。”由“轻红酿白”写到“骨细肌香”，赞颂了荔枝的外表美和内在美，胜似“佳人”“十八娘”。自古文人以美女来写花果是最愚笨的。然而词人以“十八娘”来美化荔枝则有其特殊的含意。词人吃的鲜荔枝“恰似当年”名叫“十八娘”荔枝珍品，富有传奇色彩。
全词，以古今对比的手法，写了词人西湖食荔枝的情趣。色调鲜明，词语轻快，有如“佳人纤手擘”荔枝似的。词中提到的“十八娘”，一语双关，既赞美了十八娘，又烘托了荔枝品质。
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苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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