论诗三十首·二十五
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金朝]：元好问
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乱后玄都失故基，看花诗在只堪悲。
刘郎也是人间客，枉向春风怨兔葵。
论诗三十首·二十五鉴赏
《戏赠看花诸君子》：刘禹锡此诗，通过人们在长安一所道观――玄都观看花这一生活琐事，讽刺了当时的朝廷新贵。这首诗表明上看诗描写人们去玄都观看桃花的情景，实质上却是讽刺当时权贵的。千树桃花，喻十年来由于投机而在政治上得意的新贵；看花人，喻趋炎附势、攀高结贵之徒。他们为了富贵利禄奔走权门，就如同在紫陌红尘中赶热闹看桃花一样。最后一句指出，这些权贵不过是我被排挤出外以后被提拔起来的罢了。这首诗中的轻蔑和讽刺是辛辣的，所以《旧唐书·刘禹锡传》说是“语涉讥刺”，《新唐书·刘禹锡传》说是“语讥忿”。
《再游玄都观》这首诗是上一首的续篇。从表面上看，它只写玄都观中桃花盛衰存亡，实际上是旧事重提，象权贵挑战。桃花比新贵，种桃道士指打击革新运动的当权者。但是他们已经“树倒猢狲散”了，而被排挤的人，却又回来了，真是世事难料。诗人表现了不屈和乐观。所以，《旧唐书·刘禹锡传》说：“执政又闻诗序，滋不悦”，《新唐书·刘禹锡传》未引诗歌，却引出序中兔葵、燕麦等语尤为不满。
这首诗是批评刘禹锡的《戏赠看花诸君子》和《再游玄都观》二诗及诗歌的怨刺问题。元好问论诗，主张温柔敦厚，明确反对直露刻薄的怨刺。在他众多的诗文禁忌中，就有“无狡讦”、“无为妾妇妒，无为仇敌谤伤”等形式戒条。他认为，即使有“不能自掩”的“伤谗疾恶不平之气”，也应该“责之愈深，其旨愈婉，怨之愈深，其辞愈缓”（《杨叔能小亨集引》）。
在这首诗中，元好问实际上是继承前人的观点，批评《再游玄都观》及其诗序的怨刺失度。元好问认为，如果说刘禹锡的《戏赠看花诸君子》一诗是戏赠之作，尚无伤大雅，但《再游玄都观》一诗就怨刺失度了，尤其是诗序中所谓“重游玄都，荡然无复一树，唯有兔葵燕麦动摇于春风耳”，将所有当权者斥为兔葵、燕麦，打击面太大，贬损太过，不免流于刻薄。前两句概括刘禹锡创作《再游玄都观》的背景，“乱后”指刘禹锡被贬十四年间皇权迭变、宦官专权、藩镇割据的动乱时局，“失故基”指刘禹锡诗前小序所说“荡然无复一树”的衰败景象，看花诗指《戏赠看花诸君子》一诗。这两句诗认为当时一切只值得悲伤，不应该再出怨刺之语。后两句是全诗的关键，“刘郎”一句，借用刘诗“前度刘郎今又来”之语，说刘禹锡也是凡人。“枉向”一句，拈出《再游玄都观》诗序为批评重点。“枉”是“错”的意思，与“枉著书生待鲁连”（《论诗三十首》）的“枉”字同意。两句连在一起，是说刘禹锡也是凡人，不能免俗，却错将所有人都指斥为东风中的兔葵、燕麦一类，加以嘲讽。可见，这首诗着重批评《再游玄都观》尤其是诗序的怨刺失当。
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元好问《
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论诗三十首·十七》
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元好问《
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论诗三十首·二十八》
元好问简介
唐代·元好问的简介
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元好问，字裕之，号遗山，太原秀容（今山西忻州）人；系出北魏鲜卑族拓跋氏，元好问过继叔父元格；七岁能诗，十四岁从学郝天挺，六载而业成；兴定五年（1221）进士，不就选；正大元年（1224 ），中博学宏词科，授儒林郎，充国史院编修，历镇平、南阳、内乡县令。八年（1231）秋，受诏入都，除尚书省掾、左司都事，转员外郎；金亡不仕，元宪宗七年卒于获鹿寓舍；工诗文，在金元之际颇负重望；诗词风格沉郁，并多伤时感事之作。其《论诗》绝句三十首在中国文学批评史上颇有地位；作有《遗山集》又名《遗山先生文集》，编有《中州集》。
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