论诗三十首·二十八
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金朝]：元好问
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古雅难将子美亲，精纯全失义山真。
论诗宁下涪翁拜，未作江西社里人。
论诗三十首·二十八鉴赏
这首诗评论江西诗派。宋人是推崇学习杜甫的，而李商隐的能得杜甫遗意，学杜要先学李商隐，宋人早具有此说法。在元好问看来，以黄庭坚为首的江西诗派虽然标榜学杜，但并未抓住杜诗的真髓，而专在文字、对偶、典故、音韵等形式上模拟因袭，结果既未学到杜诗的古朴风雅得真谛，也完全失去了李商隐的精美纯厚的风格。因此他明确表示，不愿与江西诗派为伍，不愿拾江西诗派的牙唾。
但是，这里元好问对于黄庭坚的态度怎样呢，关键是“宁”字的理解。教材P285注释57解释为“岂能”。也有不同理解，下面介绍一下周振甫、冀勤编注钱钟书《谈艺录》的《〈谈艺录〉读本》中“鉴赏论第七”：
《谈艺录》（七）元好问论黄庭坚诗解：遗山诗中“宁”字，乃“宁可”之意，非“岂肯”之意。如作“岂肯”解，则“难将”也，“全失”也，“宁下”也，“未作”也，四句皆反对之词，偏面复出，索然无味。作“宁可”解，适在第三句，起承而转，将合先开，欲收故纵，神采始出。其意若曰：“涪翁虽难亲少陵之古雅，全失玉溪之精纯，然较之其门下江西派作者，则吾宁推涪翁，而未屑为江西派也”：是欲抬山谷高出于其弟子。然则江西派究何如。乃紧接下一绝曰：“池塘春草谢家春，万古千秋五字新，传语闭门陈正字，可怜无补费精神”；盖举后山以概其余西江诗人，此外比诸郐下，不须品题。遂系以自述一首，而《论诗绝句》终焉。《遗山集》中于东坡颇推崇，《杜诗学引》称述其父言：“近世唯山谷最知子美”，而《论诗绝句》伤严寡恩如彼，倘亦春秋备责贤者之意。遗山所深恶痛绝，则为江西派，合之《中州集自题》绝句，更彰彰可见。（153页）
《〈谈艺录〉读本》注解：这一则讲元好问《论诗》中论黄庭坚的诗：“古雅难将子美亲，精纯全失义山真。论诗宁下涪翁拜，未作江西社里人。”钱先生先抓住“宁”字来讲，认为是“宁可”的“宁”，即宁可向黄庭坚拜倒，不作江西诗派中人。即把黄庭坚突出于江言诗派以外，认为黄庭坚还是可取的。虽然黄庭坚的诗不如杜甫诗的古雅，全失李商隐诗的精纯，但还是好的。元好问为什么要向黄庭坚下拜，在《论诗》里没有说。《论诗》说的“池塘春草谢家春，万古千秋五字新”，称谢灵运“池塘生春草”为“新”。但黄庭坚论诗并不主张“新”，因此这跟黄庭坚无关。又说：“传语闭门陈正字，可怜无补费精神。”这是批评陈师道作诗时，闭门苦思。即把陈师道代表江西诗派，贬低陈师道即贬低江西诗派。钱先生又引元好问《杜诗学引》称“近世唯山谷最知子美”。朱弁《风月堂诗话》：“山谷以昆体工夫，到老杜浑成地步。”元好问“宁下涪翁拜”，可能就为了这点。所以他的诗里就称杜甫的古雅，李商隐的精纯，认为黄庭坚都不及。虽不及，但他“以昆体工夫，到老杜混成地步”，所用的工夫还是好的，所以还推重他吧。
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元好问《
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论诗三十首·二十五》
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佚名《
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东方未明》
元好问简介
唐代·元好问的简介
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元好问，字裕之，号遗山，太原秀容（今山西忻州）人；系出北魏鲜卑族拓跋氏，元好问过继叔父元格；七岁能诗，十四岁从学郝天挺，六载而业成；兴定五年（1221）进士，不就选；正大元年（1224 ），中博学宏词科，授儒林郎，充国史院编修，历镇平、南阳、内乡县令。八年（1231）秋，受诏入都，除尚书省掾、左司都事，转员外郎；金亡不仕，元宪宗七年卒于获鹿寓舍；工诗文，在金元之际颇负重望；诗词风格沉郁，并多伤时感事之作。其《论诗》绝句三十首在中国文学批评史上颇有地位；作有《遗山集》又名《遗山先生文集》，编有《中州集》。
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：
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