莺啼序·重过金陵
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宋代]：汪元量
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金陵故都最好，有朱楼迢递。嗟倦客又此凭高，槛外已少佳致。更落尽梨花，飞尽杨花，春也成憔悴。问青山、三国英雄，六朝奇伟？
麦甸葵丘，荒台败垒，鹿豕衔枯荠。正潮打孤城，寂寞斜阳影里。听楼头、哀笳怨角，未把酒、愁心先醉。渐夜深、月满秦淮，烟笼寒水。
凄凄惨惨，冷冷清清，灯火渡头市。慨商女、不知兴废，隔江犹唱庭花，余音亹亹。伤心千古，泪痕如洗。乌衣巷口青芜路，认依稀、王谢旧邻里。临春结绮，可怜红粉成灰，萧索白杨风起。
因思畴昔，铁索千寻，谩沉江底。挥羽扇，障西尘，便好角巾私第。清谈到底成何事？回首新亭，风景今如此。楚囚对泣何时已，叹人间今古真儿戏。东风岁岁还来，吹入钟山，几重苍翠。
莺啼序·重过金陵译文及注释
参考资料：
1、金元浦主编．新编绘图本华夏千家词：山西人民出版社，1998.09 第1版：第341页
2、朱德才，杨燕主编．唐宋诗词 下册：山东文艺出版社，1992.10：第373-374页
莺啼序·重过金陵创作背景
南宋德祐二年（1276年），元兵大破临安，南宋恭帝和后妃属员三千多人被俘北上，词人也未能幸免。词人对南宋朝廷的忠心，使他不幸仕于元，只好做了道士。词人因此而被释放，回到江南。这首词便是词人在得以南归后重游金陵所作。
参考资料：
1、唐圭璋等著 ．《唐宋词鉴赏辞典》（南宋·辽·金卷）： 上海辞书出版社， 1988年： 第2195-2200页
莺啼序·重过金陵鉴赏
《莺啼序·重过金陵》凭高所见实景入手，从而引出对三国、六朝的疑问，咏史怀古。全词四片，借用“赋”的笔法依次铺叙开来。
第一片是总写，点题之后，写出词人心情、时令。起首“金陵故都最好，有朱楼迢递。”两句化用了南朝诗人谢朓的《隋王鼓吹曲·入朝曲》：“江南佳丽地，金陵帝王州，逶迤带绿水，迢递起朱楼”。词人借它作为点题之用，截取了“迢递朱楼”四个字，令读者勾起对谢朓那首诗的联想。金陵古都，金陵故事，全都浮现于词句之中。点题之后，透露出词人的心境。“嗟倦客、又此凭高，槛外已少佳致。”这两句，含义深婉。词人自称“倦客”，他经历了亡国、被掳、出家、放归等等一系列巨变，饱尝丧国之后带来的屈辱和悲痛，对人生产生了一种心灰意懒的厌倦情绪的缘故。“倦客”二字，透露了词人对现实不满但无奈的悲苦心境。在这种心境之下，重游故地，眼前仍然是“迢递朱楼”，在他眼里，已失去“佳致”。接着“更落尽梨花，飞尽杨花，春也成憔悴”，词人连“成憔悴”和“少佳致”在一起，叙心境和写时令的两层意思就密合起来了。“问青山，三国英雄，六朝奇伟？”词人用疑问句点出主题：怀古之幽情。”少佳致成憔悴“的景况和”金陵故都最好“的观念在词人看来已不能相称，使人疑窦顿生：难道这就是那英雄辈出的三国时代和奇人伟士迭现的六朝时代的故都吗？疑问的实质是感叹，是一种对历史逝去，豪杰已成古人的咏叹。唯有青山不变，不谙人世沧桑，仍可作历史之见证。这首词的首片的作用只引领下文，故而写得比较概括。
第二片转入具体的写景和抒情的描写。“麦甸葵丘，荒台败垒，鹿豕衔枯荠。”三句着眼于虚拟的景物。值得注意的是，词人通过景物描写，暗喻世事之更替，另外用典表意。如“麦甸葵丘”、“荒台败垒”皆有典出。刘禹锡《再游玄都观》诗：“荡然无复一树，惟兔葵燕麦，动摇于春风耳。”是“麦甸葵丘”之典出。宫殿崔嵬、歌舞升平已不在，如今却只任凭麋鹿野猪去奔走践踏。《史记·淮南王安传》“臣今见麋鹿游姑苏之台也。”伍子胥苦谏吴王而不见纳，愤然自慨。词人把这两个曲故合起来看，用意甚明，慨南宋之不奋，抒己之伤悲。“正潮打孤城，寂寞斜阳影里。听楼头、哀笳怨角，未把酒、愁心先醉。渐夜深、月满秦淮，烟笼寒水。”化用了刘禹锡《金陵五题·石头城》：“山围故国周遭在，潮打孤城寂寞回。”和杜牧《泊秦淮》：“烟笼寒水月笼沙，夜泊秦淮近酒家。”词人隐括唐人诗句采取的手法是把唐人的句子拆开，但仍保持着前后的呼应，同时又把自己的句子融合进去，根据词调的要求，重新组合。词人在隐括、化用前人诗词，重新进行拆改组合的过程中，是煞费苦心的。把前人的句子放得十分妥贴，对于那些完全出于自己手笔的句子，如“未把酒、愁心先醉”，作了周到的安排，熔借来的句子和已句于一炉，且使其错落有致，密合无间。这几个句子直接抒发作者的怀旧情丝，强烈表达词人的主观感情，故而在全词当中位置重要。起到统率全段的作用，从而显示了词人的主导作用和作品的创造性质。抒发故情旧绪，转入了对历史的评述。
第三片开始两句“凄凄惨惨，冷冷清清。”连用叠字，加重了悲凉凄惨之感，“慨商女、不知兴废，隔江犹唱庭花。”接第二片最后杜牧《泊秦淮》诗句，流露出亡国之痛。面对故都两座楼阁“临春”“结绮”，感叹国家衰亡，昔人已去，无不饱含对亡国之君的强烈谴责。白居易《和关盼盼感事诗》里道：“见说白杨堪作柱，争教红粉不成灰”。词人在词中写成了“可怜红粉成灰，萧索白杨风起。”两句，并暗用曹植《杂诗》“高台多悲风”的句意和刘禹锡诗表达方式有所不同。抒发了他面对历史陈迹而萌生的哀其不幸，怒其不争的复杂感情。
第四片叙述东吴、东晋的史事。用意非常明显，喻指南宋王朝覆灭的历史悲剧。“铁索千寻，谩沉江底。挥羽扇，障西尘，便好角巾私第。”词人有针对性地评述了这几个发生在金陵的历史故事，很有现实意义。当时南宋王朝刚刚覆灭，他所抒发的兴亡感慨也是有针对性的，有现实性的。“叹人间今古真儿戏”，以儿戏喻兴亡，含义很复杂而用语却似乎很轻松，这里面既有词人的感慨，也有对历代亡国君臣的遣责，为的是把“人间今古”一笔带过。词人实际上是假借轻松的心境，引出一个沉重的话题。全词的结尾，又回到金陵景物，并照应篇首的“倦客又此凭高”登高远眺“春风岁岁还来，吹入钟山，几重苍翠。”自然界不因人世之变迁而按照它固有的规律，照常轮换。钟山依旧，只是人事不再。因这种怀旧情结作为全篇的一个总结，意味极为深长。
这首词着眼于金陵的历史、人物、街巷、江河、城郭，描写古今兴亡的大主题，是借古伤今抒写亡国之痛的作品。全词多处化用古人典故及诗词，却稳妥贴切，语意自然恰当。
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辛弃疾《
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水调歌头·舟次扬州和人韵》
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吴文英《
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高阳台·过种山即越文种墓》
汪元量简介
唐代·汪元量的简介
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汪元量（1241～1317年后）南宋末诗人、词人、宫廷琴师。字大有，号水云，亦自号水云子、楚狂、江南倦客，钱塘（今浙江杭州）人。琳第三子。度宗时以善琴供奉宫掖。恭宗德祐二年（1276）临安陷，随三宫入燕。尝谒文天祥于狱中。元世祖至元二十五年（1288）出家为道士，获南归，次年抵钱塘。后往来江西、湖北、四川等地，终老湖山。诗多纪国亡前后事，时人比之杜甫，有“诗史”之目，有《水云集》、《湖山类稿》。
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泽居仅足不求余，旷快真同纵壑鱼。
平日酷憎蝇附骥，暮年肯作鹤乘车？齿摇但煮岷山芋，眼涩惟观胄监书。
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即席
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宋代：
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陆游
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稚荷出水榴花开，长苖圜鼙送举杯。
村邻相乐君勿笑，要是安健无凶灾。
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春梦轩，为江西按察司书吏张永年赠别
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元代：
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张昱
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百年妄引几曾停，看取池塘草又生。蝶戏落花真自适，莺啼深院欲谁惊？
卢郎此去应如愿，宋玉从来最有情。一枕好风吹酒觉，不愁春梦不分明。
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谒张曲江祠
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清代：
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朱彝尊
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峻坂盘神树，阴崖凿鬼工。芳尘羽扇冷，春燕玉堂空。
不睹关门险，谁开造化功。经过遗像肃，千载岭云东。