咏永州
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元代]：陈孚
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回雁峰南三百里，捕蛇说里数千家。
澄江绕郭闻渔唱，怪石堆庭见吏衙。
昔日愚溪何自苦，永州犹未是天涯。
咏永州译文及注释
译文
黄昏里一群乌鸦飞临，带起点点惨淡的烧痕，举目不见半朵春花，且把枝枝寒梅数尽。
北望大雁回还的回雁峰，三百里中烟霭葱茏，数千户野居的人家，捕蛇的生涯急急匆匆。
一条大江绕城而过，几支渔歌声音朦胧，南冬百年头蔹韵窀祷，还掩映在怪石之中。
当年的子厚何必兴叹，永州并不算地角天边。
注释
烧痕：火烧后留下的痕迹，实指火耕。惨淡：阴暗、凄惨。
回雁峰：在湖南衡阳。传说北来大雁到此处停息，其南为永州。
捕蛇说：柳宗元在永州时写有《捕蛇者说》，此代永州城。
澄江：清澈的江水，当指愚溪。郭：外城。
愚溪：在零陵西南，东北流入潇水。柳宗元谪居永州时自号愚溪，此即指柳宗元。
天涯：喻作者此行的目的地安南。
参考资料：
1、王英志选注．元明清诗词选：太白文艺出版社，2004年05月：14
2、吕晴飞，李观鼎主编．中国历代名诗今译：中国妇女出版社，1991年04月：1057
咏永州创作背景
永州一带在宋末元初经历了多次战乱。元王朝统治者还实行民族分化政策，把全国各族人分为四等，地位最低下的是“南人”。永州一带的人民当然也被列为“南人”，从而受到的压迫和剥削也更残酷。至元二十九年（1292年），时任出使安南（今越南）副使的陈孚，途中曾游览永州，创作了此诗。
参考资料：
1、张泽槐编著．名人与永州：方志出版社，2008.12：103
咏永州鉴赏
湖南永州在古代被称为僻远之地，属于南荒。旅行到这样一个地方，骚人墨客就倍增惆怅。陈孚的这首诗，却有一个特点，就是结合了柳宗元的经历、诗文来写，其中有景有情，也寄寓了自身的感慨。结合柳宗元的诗文写，一个主要原因就是永州的历史文物并无驰名于世的记载，只因有了唐宋八大家之一的柳宗元被贬到永州，写下了《永州八记》等游记文而令永州在中国文学史上占一席地。所以陈孚就以他为吟咏的对象了，既写永州所见，也写柳宗元其人。
这是一首怀古之作。前六句着力描写永州蛮荒的景物，而后两句则突然转折，和前面的描写形成鲜明的对比，整首在结构章法上和李白的《越中览古》颇为相似，不过李白诗是七绝，此诗是七律。永州是古老而又荒僻贫苦的地区，郊野可看到火燎后的痕迹，黄昏时分有乌鸦绕树三匝、择枝而栖的景象。这里虽有梅树，可是还未绽蕊开花，而著名的衡阳回雁峰距离永州却有三百里之远。永州小城有江水绕城而过，黄昏之际可听到渔舟唱晚的欺乃之音；而小小的衙门却有垒石成堆，使得庭院狭窄可笑。在这样一个地方，柳宗元滞留其间，做一个冷官，无怪他藉选择愚溪山丘以筑室，写《愚溪对》以自怨自艾了。陈孚想到这里，不禁既同情柳宗元的际遇，又惋惜他的衰颓：“何必太过自苦呢？永州虽远，比之天涯海角，毕竟聊胜一程啊！”
柳宗元被贬南荒，曾有“从此忧来非一事，岂容华发待流年”（《岭南江行》）、“非是白蒴洲畔客，还将远意问潇湘”（《得卢衡州书因以诗寄》）、“一身去国六千里，万死投荒十二年”（《别舍弟宗一》）、“春风无限潇湘意，欲采苹花不自由”（《酬曹侍御过象县见寄》）的吟咏，可见他的牢愁与痛苦是如何深沉。而陈孚抒发的“永州犹未是天涯”，也不过是自我慰藉而已，其实他自己也感到非常荒寒寂寞。
这首诗充分反映了元初永州一带的萧条惨淡景象，陈孚诗中的诗句“烧痕惨淡带昏鸦，数尽寒梅数枝花”，正是当时永州惨淡景象的真实写照。因此，这首诗也成为研究当时永州经济社会情况的重要史料。
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白居易《
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垂钓》
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李德裕《
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谪岭南道中作》
陈孚简介
唐代·陈孚的简介
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陈孚(生卒年不详)，海南省海口市琼山区人。宋庆历间(1041～1048)，尝从郡守建阳宋贯之学。由是登第，乡人慕之，始习进士业，琼人举进士自孚始。被祀为琼州府乡贤。
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