酬元九侍御赠璧竹鞭长句
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唐代]：刘禹锡
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碧玉孤根生在林，美人相赠比双金。
初开郢客缄封后，想见巴山冰雪深。
多节本怀端直性，露青犹有岁寒心。
何时策马同归去，关树扶疏敲镫吟。
酬元九侍御赠璧竹鞭长句译文及注释
译文
绿如碧玉的孤竹生在深林，用它制的壁州鞭名贵万分；
贤德之人将竹鞭赠送给我，这份厚礼胜过了万两黄金。
我一打开郢客的缄封之后，立刻想到冰冻巴山雪深深。
鞭上节，节节怀着端直性，遍体露青犹有岁寒后凋心。
我们何时才能策马同归去，在扶疏的关树下敲镫高吟？
注释
酬：酬唱，以诗词相互赠答唱和。元九：即诗人元稹（779～831），字微之，行九，是作者好友。侍卿：即监察御史，是主管监察的官员，职位不高，权限较广。元稹曾任过此职。长句：指七言诗。壁竹：唐代壁州（今四川省通江县）所产之竹。
碧玉孤根：均指竹。
美人：指贤人。金：古代的货币单位。秦代以一镒为金。汉代以一斤为金。
郢（yǐng）客：指元稹。这时元稹已被贬为江陵府士曹参军，所以称元稹为郢客。缄（jiān）：捆束箱笼的绳子。
端直：正直。
岁寒心：岁寒不凋之志。《论语·子罕》：“岁寒，然后知松柏之后凋也。”
策：马鞭。这里用作动词，意即用鞭打马。
关树：关中之树。扶疏：枝叶繁茂。
参考资料：
1、孙建军等．《全唐诗》选注：线装书局，2002：2826
2、萧枫．唐诗（5）：线装书局，2005：1475
3、高志忠．刘禹锡诗词译释：黑龙江人民出版社，1982：16-19
酬元九侍御赠璧竹鞭长句创作背景
刘禹锡为了褒奖元稹不屈服于阉竖淫威的坚强意志，特意赠给他一只文石枕和一首七绝《赠元九侍御文石枕以诗奖之》。元稹回赠了壁州产的马鞭和一首答诗《刘二十八以文石枕见赠仍题绝句以将厚意因持壁州鞭酬谢兼广为四韵》。刘禹锡接到元稹的酬赠后，即作此诗。
参考资料：
1、高志忠．刘禹锡诗词译释：黑龙江人民出版社，1982：16-19
酬元九侍御赠璧竹鞭长句鉴赏
这首诗的开头，名为咏鞭，实则咏人。壁州竹鞭虽然名贵，但赠鞭者如果不是“美人”的话，恐怕诗人是不会估之以双金之价的。刘禹锡对元稹不畏权阉的精神是欣赏的、佩服的。他赠给元稹文石枕，称赞元稹“文章似锦气如虹”，就是把元稹誉为“文石”，赞扬了他的这种精神。在这首诗中，诗人直接誉元稹为“美人”，其赞扬之情是凝之笔端，跃然纸上的。这两句按照一般酬唱之作先要赞誉对方的俗套来写的。但诗人成功地运用了“比”、“兴”手法，以碧玉般的壁州竹鞭的无比名贵，暗示赠鞭者品格的高尚，因而不落窠臼。
接着，目睹竹鞭而展开联想，写出了制鞭之竹在“巴山冰雪”中傲然挺立的景象。然而，这绝不是单纯地为写竹而写竹，而是以竹喻人。这幅“翠竹傲寒图”恰是元稹傲对阉竖，宁折不弯的形象写照。翠竹不惧巴山的深深冰雪，元稹不畏权宦的赫赫淫威，都是宝贵的。诗人对壁州鞭浑身是节，遍体露青赞不绝口，称赞它节节都标志着正直不阿的品格，处处都显示了岁寒不凋的意志。诗人巧妙地运用“竹节”之“节”与“节操”之“节”同字同声，把鞭与人自然和谐地联系在一起，进一步赞扬了元稹的贞操亮节和不畏强暴的品格。
末尾“何时策马同归去，关树扶疏敲镫吟”，是针对元稹诗中所说“张骞却上知何日，随会归朝在此年”而写的。刘禹锡对元稹“归朝在此年”的提法表示怀疑，提出了“何时策马同归去”的疑问。诗人表示愿和元稹一同归去，望着扶疏的关树，轻敲金镫，朗吟新什。这表达了他们希望结束贬谪生活的共同心愿。这两句谈论的是何时归去的问题，和咏鞭没有什么联系。可是诗人由“归去”这个动作派生出“策马”、“敲镫”两个动作，并把这些动作写进诗句之中，就使这两句和全诗咏鞭的内容紧密结合，浑然而为一体了。
这首诗通过咏写竹鞭，称誉对方的品格，也表明自己的节操。作者巧妙地把咏鞭、写人、喻己三者紧密地结合起来，浑然而为一体。全诗感情真挚深沉，启、承、转、合的脉络清晰。
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曹丕《
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煌煌京洛行》
刘禹锡简介
唐代·刘禹锡的简介
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刘禹锡（772－842），字梦得，汉族，中国唐朝彭城（今徐州）人，祖籍洛阳，唐朝文学家，哲学家，自称是汉中山靖王后裔，曾任监察御史，是王叔文政治改革集团的一员。唐代中晚期著名诗人，有“诗豪”之称。他的家庭是一个世代以儒学相传的书香门第。政治上主张革新，是王叔文派政治革新活动的中心人物之一。后来永贞革新失败被贬为朗州司马（今湖南常德）。据湖南常德历史学家、收藏家周新国先生考证刘禹锡被贬为朗州司马其间写了著名的“汉寿城春望”。
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