酬张祜处士见寄长句四韵
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唐代]：杜牧
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七子论诗谁似公，曹刘须在指挥中。
荐衡昔日知文举，乞火无人作蒯通。
北极楼台长挂梦，西江波浪远吞空。
可怜故国三千里，虚唱歌词满六宫。
酬张祜处士见寄长句四韵译文及注释
译文
建安七子论作诗哪个比得此公？曹植刘桢也应当在您指挥之中。
虽知当日推荐祢衡有个孔文举，可叹没有人再作“乞火”的蒯通。
朝廷的楼台常常牵动您的魂梦，像那西江波涛远远遮蔽天空。
可惜您“故国三千里"的名句，白白地传唱在皇帝的后宫。
注释
长句：指七言诗。
七子：指建安七子孔融、陈琳、王粲、徐干、阮瑀、应玚、刘桢。
曹刘：曹植、刘桢，二人是当时著名的诗人。
荐：举荐。衡：祢衡。文举：孔融字文举。祢衡是汉末辞赋家，性格刚强。孔融爱其才，上书推荐他。句后原注：“令狐相公曹表荐处士。”令狐相公即令狐楚。
“乞火”句：乞火：用汉代蒯通典故，详见《汉书·蒯通传》。蒯通当时任曹参门客，曾为两位隐士说好话，使曹参重用他们。令狐楚表荐张祜，穆宗问元稹，元稹贬低张祜，穆宗终不用张祜。
北极：指北极星，此处喻朝廷。挂梦：梦中思念。
西江：从西面来的大江，即长江。张祜居地丹阳（今江苏丹阳）近长江。
可怜：可惜。故国三千里：张祜《宫词》：“故国三千里，深宫二十年。一声河满子，双泪落君前。”
六宫：皇帝的后宫。
参考资料：
1、章培恒，安平秋，马樟根．杜牧诗文选译 修订版：凤凰出版社，2011.05：第98页
2、任文京．杜牧诗歌精选：花山文艺出版社，1996.01：第92页
酬张祜处士见寄长句四韵创作背景
该诗作于会昌五年（845），杜牧时任池州刺史。张祜，见《登池州九峰楼寄张祜》注。张祜有《江上旅泊呈池州杜员外》，此即唱和之作。
参考资料：
1、罗时进．杜牧集：凤凰出版社，2014.10：第136页
酬张祜处士见寄长句四韵鉴赏
此诗从题材上来说属于应酬之作，但是由于诗人与张祜同是怀才不遇，深有感触而发，故而这首和诗写得很有真情与深度。
首联盛赞张祜诗才高绝：他的才华高过建安七子，连曹植与刘桢都不在话下。这显然是杜牧对张祜的过誉之词，但由于是古人赠答诗中常见的客套话，也就无足深怪。
颔联叙述张祜的不平遭遇：他曾得宰相令狐楚的荐举，就像当日孔融推荐祢衡一样；但是他却没有遇着蒯通那样的人为之旁敲侧击说好话，却碰到了说坏话的元稹，以至于终身没有得到施展抱负的机会。此处诗人使用正反两个典故，十分含蓄而得当。
颈联表现张祜对朝廷不改其忠贞，隐居乡野之间也不放弃自己的志向：他在梦中还一直牵挂朝廷，他的胸怀就像流经住处的长江一样浩大，有并吞万里长空之势。以“北极”比喻朝廷是诗中所常用的，而下句的“西江”既在形式上与上句的“北极”构成对仗，是对自然环境的描写，也是张祜胸怀抱负的曲喻，在修辞上十分巧妙。
尾联归结到张祜文才高妙而不得重用的不幸遭遇上：他所作的《宫词》，在皇帝的后宫中被宫女们广泛传唱着，可是又有什么用呢？这并不能对他的身世遭遇有所改变，所以说是“虚唱”；而“故国三千里”，一方面是张祜《官词》的原句，另一方面也是暗示张祜隐居乡野之间，距离朝廷十分遥远。全诗就在这深沉的慨叹之中戛然终止，给人留下无穷感叹。
此诗使用典故巧妙自然，感情真挚深沉，写得有气势，表现了杜牧对张祜的赞赏。当时的诗人郑谷，故称有诗吟咏此事：“张生故国三千里，知者惟应杜紫微（指杜牧，曾任紫微舍人）。”
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李白《
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口号赠征君鸿》
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苏轼《
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虞美人·述怀》
杜牧简介
唐代·杜牧的简介
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杜牧（公元803－约852年），字牧之，号樊川居士，汉族，京兆万年（今陕西西安）人，唐代诗人。杜牧人称“小杜”，以别于杜甫。与李商隐并称“小李杜”。因晚年居长安南樊川别墅，故后世称“杜樊川”，著有《樊川文集》。
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