天净沙·鲁卿庵中
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元代]：张可久
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青苔古木萧萧，苍云秋水迢迢。红叶山斋小小，有谁曾到？探梅人过溪桥。
天净沙·鲁卿庵中译文及注释
译文
满院青苔一株株古树萧萧，苍云片片一江秋水迢迢。满山红叶掩映得山斋小小，有谁曾经找到？高尚的人走过的桥。
注释
鲁卿：一位隐居山寺的隐者。
萧萧：风吹树林木摇动的声音。此处形容冷清幽静。
迢迢：高、远貌。
探梅人：指作者自己。梅，比喻高士。
天净沙·鲁卿庵中创作背景
这很有可能是张可久来到鲁卿的茅舍后，对鲁卿描述的路过溪桥时的所见与所想，而用笔记录下来的。
参考资料：
1、张文珍．元曲三百首：山东画报出版社，2013.05：第223页
天净沙·鲁卿庵中鉴赏
张可久这首《天净沙》，宛如一幅淡远幽雅的山水画，是对友人鲁卿隐居山中的礼赞，亦是自己一片向往之情的真实流露。这首小令笔墨简淡，风神高远。上半幅写景即写人，写出了隐者的品格风致。下半幅写自己来探望隐者，写出立刻深挚的友情。明朝朱权《太和正音谱·古今群英乐府格势》云：“张小山之词，如瑶天笙鹤”，“其词清而且丽，华而不艳，有不吃烟火食气”。凡此皆可于此首小令证之。究极而论，此首小令造境之高远，乃出自小山对于隐逸之真诚向往。【4】 全曲通过对秋云、秋水、秋木的描写，构建出高远、清幽的境界，营造出静谧的禅境。通过对斋庵及其环境的描写，表现鲁卿高尚、纯洁的品格和自己的向往之情。
头三句写景。首句“青苔古木萧萧”，讲古木萧萧，青苔丛生。“青苔古木”，是构成首句物境的基础，青苔结生于古木之上，亦可以将青苔、古木理解为并立的意象。“萧萧”一词，一般用来形容木叶肃杀、飘落的情态，这里也是用来衬托秋日山中凄清、古静的气氛。
“苍云秋水迢迢”，写水云状貌。“苍云”是高空长云，有宏阔的气象；“秋水”有平沙落雁相伴，皆染秋色。“迢迢”修饰“秋水”，结构同“萧萧”修饰“古木”一样。“秋水迢迢”突出秋水长空一色的景貌，这里的“迢迢”其实也感染了“苍云”的色彩。
“红叶山斋小小”，写鲁卿山斋所在，有红叶飞落环绕，与肃杀的古木、旷远的云水相比，山斋不过是“小小”的一座。但“山斋”与前二者不同的是，青苔木色、云水长天，都是肃杀清远的“黑白照片”，而环绕“山斋”的“红叶”却是秋季最艳丽的色彩的代表。
前三句用相同的句子结构，由小至大、又由大入小地勾画出秋山云水的样貌。从色彩和结构的丰富性上来讲，“青苔古木萧萧”最肃杀，“青苔”“古木”都是较死板、幽深的物象；“苍云秋水迢迢”，使境界顿时开阔，色彩也更明亮了；“红叶山斋小小”，一“红”一“小”，与前文形成对比——“红”与“萧萧”“苍云”对照，形成鲜艳的色彩刺激，“小”与“萧萧”“迢迢”对照，实际上是把焦点集中到了“山斋”上来。
红叶”使得“山斋”成了前三句秋山云水图的中心，但“山斋”之“小”又为后文的继续展开留下了余地。其一。将鲁卿的“山斋”放到了巨大的秋山云水背景中；其二，“山斋”之“小”突出了它的幽深，这就使得下文“有谁曾到”的句子显得十分自然了。
后一部分“有谁曾到？探梅人过溪桥”，写的其实还是鲁卿斋的幽深，不过换了一个角度，并加了一些意思。所谓“探梅人”，指的是作家自己。“梅”不是秋日的物象，但梅的枝劲花清，自古是高士隐者的代表，作家说自己是“探梅人”，就是把鲁卿比作梅—般的高士来赞扬了。
过溪桥”是一个过程，作家想要探访“山斋”，但还在路上，刚刚踏过小溪上的石板桥。这样的写法。从效果上应和了前文“有谁曾到”的疑问，连诚心探访的作家都只是方过溪桥，他人自然是不知有此处了。
《天净沙》常用来写秋景、抒悲远之情。这首《天净沙》，则是通过秋景的衬托，写高士鲁卿的隐逸。一句“探梅人过溪桥”，带着些许禅意。
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苏轼《
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虞美人·述怀》
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徐再思《
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沉醉东风·息斋画竹》
张可久简介
唐代·张可久的简介
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张可久（约1270～1348以后）字小山（一说名伯远，字可久，号小山）（《尧山堂外纪》）；一说名张可久肖像（林晋生作）可久，字伯远，号小山（《词综》）；又一说字仲远，号小山（《四库全书总目提要》），庆元（治所在今浙江宁波鄞县）人，元朝重要散曲家，剧作家，与乔吉并称“双壁”，与张养浩合为“二张”。
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