次韵黄斌老所画横竹
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宋代]：黄庭坚
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酒浇胸次不能平，吐出苍竹岁峥嵘。
卧龙偃蹇雷不惊，公与此君俱忘形。
晴窗影落石泓处，松煤浅染饱霜兔。
中安三石使屈蟠，亦恐形全便飞去。
次韵黄斌老所画横竹译文及注释
译文
借酒浇灌胸中抑郁不能平，吐出来画作青竹岁月峥嵘。
像卧龙横卧雷霆不能惊，您与青竹全都忘了形。
晴天的窗影落在砚池里，松烟墨浅染蘸饱了霜兔。
画中安置三块怪石使青竹屈蟠，也担心形状完全会飞去。
注释
⑴次韵：依次用所和诗中的韵作诗，也称步韵。黄斌老：四川梓潼人，宋代画家文与可的妻侄，善画墨竹。
⑵胸次：胸中，胸间。亦指胸怀。《庄子·田子方》：“行小变而不失其大常也，喜怒哀乐不入于胸次。”
⑶岁峥（zhēng）嵘（róng）：岁月峥嵘，形容苍竹出于寒冬严峻天气。峥嵘，高峻貌，引申为卓越，不平凡。
⑷卧龙：此处形容树木或树根盘曲之状。偃（yǎn）蹇（jiǎn）：横卧的样子。
⑸此君：竹的代称。这里用的是王徽之的故事。《晋书·王徽之传》：“﹝徽之﹞尝寄居空宅中，便令种竹。或问其故，徽之但啸咏指竹曰：‘何可一日无此君邪！’”后因作竹的代称。唐岑参《范公丛竹歌》：“此君托根幸得地，种来几时闻已大。”
⑹石泓：砚台的别称。
⑺松煤：用松烟制成的墨。霜兔：用雪白的秋兔毫制成的笔。元倪瓒《画竹寄张天民》诗：“自矜霜兔健，安有鲁鱼乖。”
⑻屈蟠（pán）：盘曲。北魏贾思勰《齐民要术·桃》引汉卫宏《汉旧仪》：“东诲之内度朔山上有桃屈蟠三千里。”唐杜甫《西枝村寻置草堂地夜宿赞公土室》诗：“惆怅老大藤，沉吟屈蟠树。”
⑼“中安”二句：指画面有三块石头压着竹子，使之盘曲诘屈，不得伸展。一旦得到伸展，形体画全了，卧龙便会飞去。
参考资料：
1、朱安群 等．黄庭坚诗文选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：145-146
次韵黄斌老所画横竹创作背景
黄庭坚贬戎州时，与黄斌老交往，斌老善画竹，画了一幅横竹送黄庭坚，黄庭坚因作此诗。此诗当作于元符元年（1098年），正是黄庭坚初到戎州，心情十分苦闷之时。在这几年中，黄庭坚过的是谪居贬斥的生活，而戎州当时十分偏僻，无论生活或文化条件都很差，他把自己的寓所取名“槁木寮”、“死灰庵”，其心情可知。
参考资料：
1、龙晦 等．宋诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1987：543-544
次韵黄斌老所画横竹鉴赏
此诗开头第一句就写出“酒浇胸次不能平”，这是借三国魏阮籍的故事说明黄斌老画竹是有所谓而作，是在“酒浇胸次不能平”的心情下画的，同时又是诗人以此自道。当时政局为章惇、蔡京搅乱，黄庭坚和黄斌老二人都很不满。画家本来就有“喜画兰、怒画竹”的说法，因此这句诗既表达了斌老，同时也表达了黄庭坚自己的郁愤不满的心情。
“吐出苍竹岁峥嵘”的“吐”字下得极好，说明这幅横竹画创作动机非凡，是把“胸次不能平”的心中块垒呕心沥血地吐出来，所以才画得如此头角峥嵘，不同凡响。它在凛冽的岁暮也是高昂挺拔的；它像卧龙一样硬朗，在风雷之下硬着腰身，不为它所惊，不为它所屈。这正象征了他们两人都能顶受住当时的政治旋风，忠于自己的理想。第四句“公与此君俱忘形”，是解释上句“卧龙偃蹇雷不惊”的，竹之所以能不为风雷所惊，是因为斌老画竹时把自己的品格、精神全都灌注渗透在他所画的竹上，与竹融化为一。人有高尚的品格，才画得出高尚的画，这和作诗一样，“诗之等级不同，人到那一等地位，方看得那一等地位人诗出”，“人高则诗亦高，人俗则诗亦俗”（见徐增《而庵诗话》）。因此这句诗也是双关，既歌颂了斌老艺术胸襟的阔大，也透露出了作者自己的创作思想和他的人品，竹不为雷霆所惊，正如他们处变不惊。下面两句是叙斌老作画的情景，石松即石砚，在明朗的窗下，斌老用兔毫笔饱蘸松烟墨，画出了这幅优雅的横竹图，除画了横竹之外，还画了几块石头，让竹子盘根于其上，像这样处理，是考虑到竹子像龙一样夭矫、灵气，如果没有几块石头，把这些像龙一样夭矫的竹子蟠曲起来，它会像张僧繇画的龙一样，有朝一日把眼点了，就会乘雷霆破壁飞去。这样便歌颂了斌老画技的高超。古人多以龙比况竹子，这是用了费长房的故事，见《神仙传·壶公》，壶公以竹杖使费长房骑之到家，后弃于山坡上，竹杖化为青龙。章惇诗：“种竹期龙至，栽桐待凤来。”黄庭坚咏竹多爱用此典故，如《从斌老乞苦笋》：“南园苦笋味胜肉，箨龙称冤莫采录。”《和师厚栽竹》：“葛化龙陂去，风吹阿阁鸣。”用卧龙去描写横竹是最恰当不过的。
这首诗是古体诗，前四句用庚韵和青韵，平声；后四句用御韵和遇韵，仄韵；平仄交替，增强了诗的音节美。黄庭坚的诗以炼句著名，像“吐出苍竹岁峥嵘”的“吐”字，“卧龙偃蹇雷不惊”的“偃”字，“晴窗影落石泓处”的“落”字，“松煤浅染饱霜兔”的“饱”字，“中安三石使屈蟠”的“屈”字，都下得异常突兀，使人读起来有挺拔瘦劲之感，末尾说三石屈蟠，怕横竹飞去，尤为隽永有味。
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陶渊明《
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饮酒·其八》
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陶渊明《
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饮酒·其八》
黄庭坚简介
唐代·黄庭坚的简介
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黄庭坚（1045.8.9-1105.5.24），字鲁直，号山谷道人，晚号涪翁，洪州分宁（今江西省九江市修水县）人，北宋著名文学家、书法家，为盛极一时的江西诗派开山之祖，与杜甫、陈师道和陈与义素有“一祖三宗”（黄庭坚为其中一宗）之称。与张耒、晁补之、秦观都游学于苏轼门下，合称为“苏门四学士”。生前与苏轼齐名，世称“苏黄”。著有《山谷词》，且黄庭坚书法亦能独树一格，为“宋四家”之一。
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飞鸿离鱼网，玉石有俱焚。
冥冥岂无志，鬼物妒玙璠。
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题洪子恂所画盘洲图
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宋代：
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许及之
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林塘天遗得，花木地宜栽。细纪平泉咏，挥毫落海苔。