饮酒·其八
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魏晋]：陶渊明
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青松在东园，众草没其姿，
凝霜殄异类，卓然见高枝。
连林人不觉，独树众乃奇。
提壶抚寒柯，远望时复为。
吾生梦幻间，何事绁尘羁。
饮酒·其八译文及注释
译文
青翠的松树生长在东园里，荒草埋没了它的身姿。
等到寒霜凝结的时候，其他植物都枯萎了，这才显现出它卓尔不群的高枝。
在一片树林中人可能还不觉得，单独一棵树的时候人们才称奇。
我提着酒壶抚弄寒冬中的树干，有时候又极目远眺。
我生活的世界就是梦幻一样，又何必被俗世的尘嚣羁绊住脚步呢。
注释
没其姿：掩没了青松的英姿。其：一本作奇。
殄（tiǎn腆）：灭尽。异类：指众草。卓然：特立的样子。这两句是说经霜之后，众草凋零，而青松的枝干却格外挺拔。
连林：松树连成林。人不觉：不被人注意。
独树：一株、独棵。众乃奇：众人认为奇特。奇：一本作知。
寒柯：指松树枝。
这是倒装句，应为“时复远望”，有时又远望。这句和上句极力描写对松树的亲爱，近挂而又远望。
何事：为什么。绁：系马的缰绳，引申为牵制。尘羁：犹尘网。这句和上句是说人生如梦幻，富贵功名把人束缚够了，为什么还要受它的羁绊？
参考资料：
1、吴小如．《汉魏六朝诗鉴赏辞典》：上海辞书出版社，1992年9月版：第558-559页
饮酒·其八鉴赏
“岁寒，然后知松柏之后凋也。”（《论语·子罕》）经过孔子的这一指点，松柏之美，便象征着一种高尚的人格，而成为中国文化之一集体意识。中国诗歌亦多赞叹松柏之名篇佳作。尽管如此，陶渊明所写《饮酒》第八首“青松在东园”，仍然是极有特色。
“青松在东园，众草没其姿。”青松之姿，挺秀而美。生在东园，却为众草所掩没。可见众草之深，其势莽莽。青松之孤独，也不言而喻。“凝霜殄异类，卓然见高枝。”殄者，灭绝也。，异类，指众草，相对于青松而言。枝者，谓枝干。岁寒，严霜降临，众草凋零。于是，青松挺拔之英姿，常青之秀色，乃卓然出现于世。当春夏和暖之时节，那众草也是青青之色。而况草势甚深，所以能一时掩没青松。可惜，众草究竟经受不起严霜之摧残，终于是凋零了。“连林人不觉，独树众乃奇。”倘若青松多了，蔚然连成松林，那么，它的与众不同，便难以给人以强烈印象。只是由于一株青松卓然独立于天地之间，人们这才为之诧异了。以上六句，构成全诗之大半幅，纯然出之以比兴。正如吴瞻泰《陶诗汇注》所说，是“借孤松为己写照。”青松象征自己坚贞不渝之人格，众草喻指一班无品无节之士流，凝霜则是譬比当时严峻恶劣之政治气候，皆容易领会。唯“连林人不觉，独树众乃奇”两句，意蕴深刻，最是吃紧，应细心体会。一株卓然挺秀之青松，诚然令人惊诧。而其之所以特异，乃在于众草不能有青松之品质。倘园中皆是青松，此一株自不足为奇了。一位人格高尚之士人，自亦与众不同。其实，这也是由于一班士人自己未能挺立人格。若士流能如高士，或者说人格高尚蔚然而为一代士风，则高士亦并非与众不同。依中国文化传统，“我欲仁，斯仁至矣”（《论语·述而》）——人人都具备着挺立人格的内在因素。“人皆可以为尧舜”（《孟子·告子下》）——人人都可以挺立起自己的主体人格。可惜士人往往陷溺于私欲，难能“卓然见高枝”。正如朱熹所说：“晋宋人物，虽曰尚清高，然个个要官职，这边一面清谈，那边一面招权纳货。陶渊明真个能不要，此所以高于晋宋人物。”（陶澍集注《靖节先生集》附录引）渊明少无适俗韵，晚抱固穷节，自比青松，当之无愧。最后四句，直接写出自己。“提壶挂寒柯，远望时复为。”寒柯，承上文“凝霜”而来。下句，陶澍注：“此倒句，言时复为远望也。”说得是。渊明心里爱这东园青松，便将酒壶挂在松枝之上，饮酒、流连于松树之下。即使不到园中，亦时常从远处来瞻望青松之姿。挂壶寒柯，这是何等亲切。远望松姿，正是一往深情。渊明之心灵，分明是常常从青松之卓然高节，汲取着一种精神上的滋养。庄子讲的“与物有宜”，“与物为春”，“独与天地精神往来”（分别见《庄子·大宗师》、《德充符》、《天下》篇），正是此意。“吾生梦幻间，何事绁尘羁。”结笔两句，来得有点突兀，似与上文无甚关系，实则深有关系。梦幻，喻人生之短暂，翻见得生命之可珍惜。绁者，捆缚也。尘羁即尘网，谓尘世犹如罗网，指的是仕途。生命如此有限，弥可珍惜，不必把自己束缚在尘网中，失掉独立自由之人格。这种坚贞高洁的人格，正有如青松。这才是真正的主体品格。
渊明此诗之精神境界与艺术造诣，可以喻之为一完璧。上半幅纯用比兴，赞美青松之高姿。下半幅纵笔用赋，抒发对于青松之知赏，以及珍惜自己人格之情怀。全幅诗篇浑然一体，实为渊明整幅人格之写照。全诗句句可圈可点，可谓韵外之致味之而无极。尤其“连林人不觉，独树众乃奇”二句，启示着人人挺立起高尚的人格，则高尚的人格并非与众不同，意味深远，极可珍视。《诗·小雅·裳裳者华》云：“唯其有之，是以似之。”只因渊明坚贞高洁之人格，与青松岁寒不凋之品格，特征相似，所以此诗借青松为自己写照，境界之高，乃是出自天然。
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黄庭坚《
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次韵黄斌老所画横竹》
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梁启超《
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少年中国说》
陶渊明简介
唐代·陶渊明的简介
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陶渊明（约365年—427年），字元亮，（又一说名潜，字渊明）号五柳先生，私谥“靖节”，东晋末期南朝宋初期诗人、文学家、辞赋家、散文家。汉族，东晋浔阳柴桑人（今江西九江）。曾做过几年小官，后辞官回家，从此隐居，田园生活是陶渊明诗的主要题材，相关作品有《饮酒》、《归园田居》、《桃花源记》、《五柳先生传》、《归去来兮辞》等。
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九日三首 其二
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宋代：
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张嵲
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登高未用怀郪县，少异谁能识孟嘉。岁岁青樽常有酒，年年黄菊未逢花。
分将默坐更搜句，肯以衔杯当饮茶。且莫凭栏伤极目，人间秋日易西斜。