赠刘司户蕡
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唐代]：李商隐
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江风扬浪动云根，重碇危樯白日昏。
已断燕鸿初起势，更惊骚客后归魂。
汉廷急诏谁先入，楚路高歌自欲翻。
万里相逢欢复泣，凤巢西隔九重门。
赠刘司户蕡译文及注释
译文
江风卷起惊涛骇浪，拍击着两岸悬崖峭壁，危舟飘荡，桅杆摇晃满天布满重重乌云。已经象北国的鸿燕，刚想起飞就被摧抑，又象悲愤的骚客，远眨天涯难归惊魂。
哪里会有汉廷的急诏，把你提前召回，只能象接舆那样，佯狂楚路高歌抒情。万里他乡与你相逢，既喜悦又悲伤，恨只恨凤凰巢在僻野，遥遥远隔九重门。
注释
蕡（fén）：刘蕡，字去华，幽州昌平（今河北昌平）人。宝历二年（826）进士。
云根：指江边的山石。
碇（dìng）：系船的石墩；危樯：即危船。此句意为由于江风所致，山石摇动，江船危系于石上，景色也是天昏地暗。
燕鸿：即鸿雁，比喻刘蒉有万里腾飞之志，且又澄清高洁。但是不幸的是他刚刚展翅，就被狂风摧折了。
更惊：意谓江风蔽日的景象惊动了刘蒉迟迟不归的魂灵；骚客：指刘蒉；后归：迟归。刘蒉被贬长达七年之久，所以言此。
汉廷急诏：指汉代朝廷曾急诏征回者。
楚路高歌：以屈原比刘蒉，屈原放逐，乃赋《离骚》，所以为“楚路高歌”。高歌，形容诗情悲壮；翻：以旧曲制作新词。
万里相逢欢复泣：指两人在远离京城的地方重逢。
凤巢：比喻贤臣在朝。传说黄帝时，凤凰息于东园，或巢于阿阁；西隔：当时诗人在荆楚之地，长安位于荆楚西北，所以谓西隔。此句意谓贤者皆被放逐远离朝廷；九重门：指皇帝居住的地方。
参考资料：
1、李淼．《李商隐诗三百首译赏》 ：长春出版社，1990.12：48-49
2、（唐）李商隐．《李商隐诗选注》 ：吉林文史出版社，2001.06 ：5-6
赠刘司户蕡创作背景
《赠刘司户蕡》作于大中二年（848）。大和二年（828），第试贤良方正，刘蕡论及宦官擅权误国，被贬为柳州（今广西柳州）司户参军。约在大中二年初春，刘蕡自贬所放还途中，与李商隐在黄陵（今湖南湘阴）相遇。李商隐满怀对友人的同情和对宦官的痛恨，写了这首诗。
参考资料：
1、吕进．《爱我中华诗歌鉴赏·古代一分册》 ：重庆大学出版社，1993.12 ：438页
赠刘司户蕡鉴赏
诗一开头即显雄伟气魄，境界开阔。“江风扬浪动云根，重碇危樯白日昏”描绘的既是两人相逢之地风浪蔽天、日昏舟危的景象，更渗透着诗人对时代政治环境的深切感受。江风浩浩，浊浪奔腾，看似“云根”一般的岸边山石和系船石墩受到浪花一阵阵的冲击，船上的高高桅杆，在江风中摇摇晃晃，显得景色分外惨淡。浊浪、危舟、昏天的景象正是晚唐动荡险恶的局势的象征。
接下来的两联把表现刘蒉的坎坷遭遇和抒发对刘蒉的深切同情紧密结合起来，“已断”句将刘蒉比作有万里翱翔之志的北国鸿雁，刚刚振翅就被狂风摧折，以此喻指刘蒉刚要在政治上奋飞高举即遭恶势力摧抑和扼杀的遭际。“更惊”句把刘蒉比作受谗而被流放的屈原，因为遭受诬陷，远贬南荒，难归乡土。前一个“已”字，后一个“更”字，紧凑有力地把刘蒉以“对策”触怒小人和后来横遭贬谪——其生平遭际中的两件大事——联结起来。而且通过沉痛愤慨的笔调，表现出诗人对刘羡之不平遭遇的扼腕叹息。颈联又借用历史人物进一步抒写对刘蒉的敬仰和同情。贾谊被贬三年，终于被汉文帝召回长安，拜为梁怀王太傅，可是同贾谊一样有抱负有才华的刘蒉却没能有被急诏征回的命运。接舆不满现实，曾编成歌词，嬉笑怒骂地批判当世，刘蒉也像接舆一样，批评朝廷，写出了一篇在当时士人和朝官中引起强烈反响的“对策”。“谁先入”是对刘蒉“不得入”的同情和不平；“高歌”是刘蒉欲力抗王朝危亡而大声疾呼的勇敢选择，这一句饱含着诗人对他的不畏险恶、追求高洁情操的赞赏和敬仰。
尾联上句“万里相逢欢复泣”是对友人相逢时悲喜交集的复杂心态的写照。两位挚友在远离家乡、远离帝京的地方不期而遇，其兴奋和喜悦之情是可想而知的。然而这又是两个同具匡世济国之心和忧时愤世之感的文人朋友，他们的这次重逢，恰恰同在他们患难之时：一个是因罪被贬；一个是因为受到腐朽势力的长期排挤而万里投荒，大体相同的坎坷命运和对国运的忧切，又使他们不得不泣。“欢”不过是知音意外相逢时那一刹那间的快事，“泣”则是长期郁结于胸中的悲愤情怀的抒发。这其中，既有对个人命运的嗟叹，更多的是为国运难扶的悲泣，这一点在末句中的“凤巢西隔九重门”中已经表现得很显豁了。“凤巢”是贤者的象征，凤巢被拒之九重门之外，其济国匡世之才志备受排挤，不为君王所接纳反而流贬远地，朝中奸臣当道，君王被蒙蔽视听，臧否不明，晚唐王朝正如“重碇危樯白日昏”般岌岌可危。
李商隐是唐代诗人学杜甫的一个卓越的殿军。他的这首赠友之作能够将对朋友的同情、对同事的忧虑和对宦官黑暗势力的愤恨很好地融为一体，在深沉凝重之中饱含哀怆愤激，其风格深厚蕴藉，酷似杜诗而又有诗人自己独特的生命体验和表现手法。
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吴文英《
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苏轼《
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蝶恋花·送潘大临》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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自题画梅
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金鉴才
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野梅如雪缀寒条，梦断孤山月已凋。锦色千重应物累，春愁一点许君消。
贪泉穿石真迷眼，细柳经风竟折腰。不觉只今林下客，青毡自拥话前朝。
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句
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李綯
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收得桑榆归物外，种成桃李满人间。